Handiong

Handiong

Handyong (Handiog) ay isang mitolohikal na bayani sa mitolohiya ng Pilipinas, partikular sa Bicol. Ang matayog na bayani ng Ibalong, ayon sa iba't ibang bersyon ng kuwento, sinasabing siya ay may dugong nagmula o inapo ng ''Tawong Lipod'' o mga apsara (Sanskrit: अप्सरा).

SINO SI HANDIONG NG BIKOL?

Si Handiong, ang pangunahing tauhan sa mitolohiya ng Bicol, ay isang maalamat na bayani na may mahalagang papel sa pagbago ng lupain. Pagdating sa Bicol matapos si Baltog, si Handiong ang naging pinakatanyag sa mga tawong-lipod. Sinimulan niya ang isang bayaning pakikipagsapalaran sa paglilinis ng rehiyon mula sa mga mabagsik na nilalang gaya ng mga isang mata, may tatlong lalamunang halimaw, mga pakpak na pating, mabangis na kalabaw, at mga buwayang kumakain ng tao. Ang isa sa mga pangunahing kalaban ni Handiong ay si Oryol, isang magandang demigoddess na may ibabang katawan na parang isang higanteng ahas. Sa kabila ng mga pagtatangka ni Handiong na hulihin siya, napigilan ni Oryol sa pamamagitan ng kanyang katalinuhan, na humantong sa isang kapana-panabik na labanan. Kalaunan, nagkakaroon sila ng paggalang sa isa't isa at nagmahalan. Ibinunyag ni Oryol ang mga lihim ng pamamahala sa lupain kay Handiong. Magkasama nilang nilinis ang lupain ng mga halimaw, na nagbigay-daan sa pagsulong ng Bicol. Ang kanilang tagumpay laban sa mga higanteng buwaya, kilala bilang Buwaya, ay nagpula sa ilog ng Bicol ng dugo. Ang mga natitirang halimaw, kabilang si Sarimao, ay ipinatapon at ikinulong sa loob ng Bundok Kulasi.

Ang tagumpay ni Handiong ay nagresulta sa pagtatatag ng mga pamayanan na may mga pagsulong sa paggawa ng bangka, pagsasaka, at paglikha ng mga kasangkapan. Nagpatupad ng mga batas upang tiyakin ang pagkakapantay-pantay, protektahan ang buhay at dangal, na nagdulot ng kaayusan at paggalang sa pamana. Kasama rin sa epikong ito ang naunang pagdating ng mga tao na pinamumunuan ni Baltog, na nanirahan sa Tundol, at humarap sa mga hamon ng mga halimaw at kakaibang nilalang. Ang kanilang mga dasal sa mga diyos ng araw at buwan ay nagbigay-daan sa pagtatatag ng isang bagong kolonya. Mula sa malayong lupain, dumating ang mga tao na pinamumunuan ng isang matangkad at maskuladong pinuno na si Handyong, na may layuning linisin ang lupain mula sa mga hindi tao na nilalang. Matapos labanan ang mga isang mata na halimaw at mga higanteng lumilipad na isda, naging matagumpay ang mga mandirigma sa pagpapasuko ng mabangis na Tamaraw.

Gayunpaman, ang mga nilalang ng Ibalon, kabilang sina Sarimao at Buaya, ay lumaban pabalik. Nakilala ni Asuang, ang panginoon ng lahat ng halimaw, ang katapusan ng panahon ng mga halimaw, na nagbigay-daan sa panahon ng tao. Pinigilan ni Oryol ang mga dayuhang mandirigma, ngunit ang kanyang pagmamahal kay Handyong ay nagbunga ng kanilang pagtutulungan sa paglilinis ng lupain. Sa kabila ng mga taong kasaganaan sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Handiong, nagpakita ang mga diyos at nagdulot ng mga bagyo at kalamidad. Ang malungkot na kuwento ng pag-ibig nina Onos at Takay ay nagdulot ng pagbaha. Ang mga diyos ng buwan, sina Bulan at Haliya, ay ginawang mga bulaklak si Takay, habang isang higanteng halimaw na si Rabot ang nagdala ng bagong banta sa Ibalon. Si Bantong, kaibigan ni Handiong, ay matagumpay na napatay si Rabot, ngunit naiwan si Handiong na malungkot, na sumasagisag sa pagtatapos ng isang panahon. Nagwawakas ang salaysay sa pahiwatig ng paparating na pananakop ng mga Espanyol, na mas mabangis kaysa sa mga halimaw.

Ang misyon ni Handyong: Linisin ang Lupain at Magtayo ng Gintong Panahon

Dumating si Handyong, ang pangunahing tauhan sa epiko at ang pinakatanyag sa mga tawong-lipod. Dumating siya sa Bicol kasama ang kanyang mga tagasunod matapos si Baltog, at ang kanyang misyon ay malinaw—linisin ang Ibalong ng mga halimaw at itatag ang isang gintong panahon. Ang kanyang mga pagsusumikap at labanan laban sa mga nilalang ng mitolohiya ay naging mga alamat.

Hinarap ni Handyong at ng kanyang mga mandirigma ang mga mabibigat na kalaban, mula sa isang mata na halimaw sa Ponong hanggang sa mga higanteng lumilipad na isda na kilala bilang Tiburon. Pinatahimik nila ang mabangis na Tamaraw, tinalo ang Sarimao at Buaya, at nilinis ang lupain mula sa mga mitolohikal na nilalang. Ang mga ilog at latian ng Ibalong ay namula sa dugo ng mga nilalang habang itinatag ni Handyong ang bagong panahon.

Ang pakikialam ni Oryol, isang magandang demigoddess, ay nagdagdag ng intriga sa kuwento. Una silang naging magkaaway, ngunit ang kanilang kuwento ay naging isang kuwento ng pagmamahal, paggalang, at pinagsamang pamamahala. Ang paghahayag ni Oryol ng mga lihim ng mga diyos at nilalang ay naglaro ng mahalagang papel sa pag-usbong ng Bicol sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Handyong.

Sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Handyong, namulaklak ang Ibalong bilang isang mayaman at saganang lupain. Nagtatag ng mga kolonya sa Isarog, at ang progreso ay namayani, may mga imbentor na lumitaw, nagdala ng mga kagamitan at teknolohiya. Ang mga batas ni Handyong ay nagtaguyod ng pagkakapantay-pantay at respeto, na lumikha ng isang lipunan kung saan ang mga alipin ay may dangal.

Ang mga Diyos ay Naki-alam: Isang Trahedyang Pagbabago

Gayunpaman, nakialam ang mga diyos, si na nagdulot ng trahedya sa kuwento. Ang ipinagbabawal na pagmamahalan nina Onos at ng mortal na si Takay ay nagdulot ng pagkawasak sa Ibalong. Ang pagtanggi ng mga tao sa mga diyos, na isinasagisag ng pagkawasak ni Rabot, ay nagtanda ng pagtatapos ng isang panahon.

Ang galit ng mga diyos, na ipinakita sa pamamagitan ng mga natural na kalamidad at ang pagkamatay ni Rabot, ay nagpahiwatig ng pagbabago sa dinamika ng Ibalong. Si Handyong, na tila nalulungkot sa pagkamatay ni Rabot, ay maaaring sumagisag sa paparating na pagsakop ng mga Espanyol, na nagbibigay-hudyat ng pagbabago sa kasaysayan ng lupain.

Ang mga alamat nina Baltog at Handyong sa mitolohiya ng Bicol ay hindi lamang nagbibigay-aliw kundi nagtuturo din ng mahahalagang aral. Ang mga kuwentong ito ay nagsasalaysay ng tapang, katatagan, at mga kahihinatnan ng paghamon sa banal na kaayusan. Habang ang epiko ng Ibalong ay patuloy na naipapasa mula sa henerasyon sa henerasyon ng mga Kadunung, ang mga bakas ng kagitingan nina Baltog at Handyong ay nagpapatuloy, nagbibigay-inspirasyon ng pagkakakilanlan at pagmamalaki sa puso ng mga taga-Bicol.

HANDIONG

Handyong (Handiog) is a mythological Hero in Philippine mythology, specifically in Bicol. The Towering Hero of Ibalong, depending on the version of the story some say he has blood from or descended from the ''Tawong Lipod'' apsaras or apsara (Sanskrit: अप्सरा)

Handiong, the central figure in Bicol mythology, is a legendary hero who played a crucial role in the transformation of the land. Arriving in Bicol after Baltog, Handiong became the most famous among the tawong-lipod. He embarked on a heroic journey, clearing the region of menacing creatures such as one-eyed, three-throated beasts, winged sharks, wild carabaos, and man-eating crocodiles.A significant adversary in Handiong's quest was Oryol, a beautiful demigoddess with the lower part of her body resembling a giant snake. Despite attempts to trap her, Oryol's intelligence thwarted the efforts, leading to a captivating battle. Eventually, the two warriors gained mutual respect and fell in love. Oryol, with her serpent form, revealed the secrets of governing the lands to Handiong.Together, Handiong and Oryol cleaned the land of monsters, leading to the flourishing of Bicol. Their triumph over giant crocodiles, known as Buwaya, turned the Bicol River red with blood. The survivors, including Sarimao, were banished and sealed away inside Mount Kulasi.

Handiong

Handiong's success resulted in the establishment of settled communities marked by advancements in boat-building, agriculture, and the creation of tools and utensils. Laws were enacted to ensure equality, protect life and honor, fostering a sense of order and respect for heritage.The epic also recounts the earlier arrival of people led by Baltog, who settled in Tundol, facing challenges with beasts and strange creatures. Their prayers to the sun and moon gods paved the way for the establishment of a new colony.From a distant land, men led by a tall, muscular leader named Handyong arrived, seeking to purge the land of non-human creatures. After battling one-eyed monsters and giant flying fishes, the warriors successfully enslaved the fierce Tamaraw.

However, the creatures of Ibalon, including Sarimao and the Buaya, fought back. Asuang, the lord of all monsters, recognized the end of the monster era, signaling the age of man. Oryol intervened to stop the foreign warriors, but her love for Handyong led to their collaboration in cleaning the land.Despite years of prosperity under Handiong's leadership, the gods intervened, causing storms and chaos. The tragic love story of Onos and Takay resulted in deluge and floods. The moon gods, Bulan and Haliya, transformed Takay into flowers, while a great beast named Rabot posed a new threat to Ibalong.Handiong's friend, Bantong, successfully killed Rabot, but the victory left Handiong saddened, symbolizing the passing of an era. The narrative concludes with a foreshadowing of the coming subjugation of the Spaniards, as men prove to be more vicious than monsters.

 Handyong's Quest: Purging the Land and Building a Golden Age

Enter Handyong, the central figure in the epic and the most renowned among the tawong-lipod. Arriving in Bicol with his followers after Baltog, Handyong's mission was clear – to cleanse Ibalong of predatory monsters and establish a new golden age. His exploits and battles against mythical creatures became the stuff of legends.

Handyong and his warriors faced formidable foes, from the one-eyed monster in Ponong to the giant flying fishes Tiburon. They tamed the fierce Tamaraw, defeated the Sarimao and Buaya, and purged the land of its mythic creatures. The rivers and swamps of Ibalong turned red with the blood of these creatures as Handyong set the stage for a new era.

The intervention of Oryol, a beautiful demigoddess, added intrigue to the narrative. Initially adversaries, Handyong and Oryol's story evolved into a tale of love, respect, and shared governance. Oryol's revelation of the secrets of the gods and beasts played a pivotal role in the flourishing of Bicol under Handyong's rule.

Under Handyong's leadership, Ibalong blossomed into a rich and bountiful land. Colonies were established in Isarog, progress flourished, and inventors emerged, bringing forth tools and technologies. Handyong's laws fostered equality and respect, creating a society where even slaves were dignified.

Handiong

The Battles and Triumphs of Handyong

Handyong's journey was marked by epic battles against formidable adversaries. From the one-eyed monster in Ponong to the lair of giant flying fishes known as Tiburon, Handyong and his warriors fought tirelessly, never resting until each monster was vanquished. The fierce Tamaraw was tamed, and the Sarimao, Buaya, and other mythical creatures were driven away, cleansing the land.

The rivers and swamps of Ibalong turned red with the blood of these creatures as Handyong systematically rid the land of its supernatural inhabitants. As Asuang, the lord of all monsters, acknowledged the end of the monsters' reign, Handyong's warriors, blessed by the moon god, stood as a formidable force against the mythical beings.

The Love Story of Oryol and the Flourishing of Ibalong

In the midst of Handyong's quest, a captivating love story unfolded with Oryol, a beautiful demigoddess. Initially a formidable adversary, Oryol's intelligence and allure captured Handyong's attention. The two engaged in a fierce battle, but respect for each other's strength blossomed into love.

Oryol, half-human and half-serpent, played a crucial role in Handyong's journey. Her revelation of the secrets of governing the lands contributed to the flourishing of Bicol. The demigoddess, once an obstacle, became an ally in Handyong's quest to cleanse Ibalong of monsters and build a prosperous society.

Handyong's Contributions to Progress and Innovation

Under Handyong's leadership, Ibalong transformed into a rich and bountiful land. Colonies were established in Isarog, and a season of progress followed. The people planted rice, named after Handyong, and under his good example, inventors emerged, bringing forth tools and technologies that enriched daily life.

Ginantong crafted the plow, harrow, and other farming tools. Hablom invented the first loom for weaving abaca clothes. Dinahon, an Aeta, created essential kitchen utensils. Sural thought of the alphabet and initiated the practice of writing on white rock. Ibalong, under Handyong's rule, became a hub of innovation and progress.

The Gods Intervene: A Tragic Turn of Events

However, the gods, represented by Onos and Gugurang, intervened, introducing tragedy to the narrative. The forbidden love between Onos and the mortal Takay unleashed destruction upon Ibalong. The subsequent spurning of the gods by mortals, symbolized by the destruction of Rabot, marked the end of an era.

The gods' wrath, expressed through natural disasters and the demise of Rabot, signaled a shift in the dynamics of Ibalong. Handyong, curiously saddened by Rabot's death, could be interpreted as a foreboding of the looming subjugation of the Spaniards, hinting at a changing tide in the land's history.

the legends of Baltog and Handyong in Bicol mythology not only entertain but also impart valuable lessons. These tales speak of courage, resilience, and the consequences of challenging the divine order. As the epic of Ibalong continues to be passed down through generations by Kadunung, the echoes of Baltog and Handyong's valor linger, inspiring a sense of identity and pride in the hearts of the people of Bicol.

REMINDER

The orally transmitted mythology of the Philippines is intended for sharing and understanding, not for appropriation, commercial exploitation, or the promotion of foreigners and foreign products. It is a dynamic narrative tradition that evolves over time, distinct from the standardized mythologies found in Western and European cultures. Unlike these established mythologies, the Philippine government has not mandated standardized versions of stories and legends.

Orally transmitted stories undergo variations and evolve over time, resulting in numerous different versions. There are many different version told by Filipinos,and retold by Filipinos.

OKOT

Okot god of the hunt, forest and birds

Okot is the god of forests and of birds, and of the hunt in Bicolano Mythology. He is associated with the hunting of animals astuteness, wisdom, and craftiness in the hunt. The skills and equipment involved, He is venerated because it is he who provides food. He is depicted as a tall muscular man with brown skin  He hunts with a bow and arrow and is covered with beautiful leaves.

Okot
Effigy

According to legend he whistles or makes a whistling sound  when he wants is presence to be known. He also owns a golden belt which contains seeds and herbs that can cure any ailment. 

When the Spaniards converted the people of Ibalong into Catholics, the giant god Okot was bastardized by the foreigners. The Spandiards pushing their puritanical ideology on the people of ibalong, telling people that their so-called deity is nothing more than a tiny dwarf.

The Spandiards reinterpreted  of polytheistic deities as evil. The Spandiards did not deny the existence of Bikolano gods or spiritual beings. On the contrary, they claim other gods are not worthy of worship and in actuality are demons who mislead followers from proper belief or practice. Christian missionaries often employed demonization tactics when converting pagans. But to add insult to injury in the case of the god Okot, the Spandiards wanted to belittle him. Telling stories that their tall and towering god was actually a small and puny forest spirit.Title: Okot: The Belittled Guardian of the Forests in Bicolano Mythology

In  Bicolano Mythology, Okot stands as a revered figure, the god of forests, birds, and the hunt. His role is deeply woven into the fabric of survival for the Bicolano people, embodying astuteness, wisdom, and craftiness in the pursuit of sustenance. However, the arrival of the Spaniards and their attempts at cultural and religious conversion marked a tragic distortion of Okot's image, reducing this towering deity to a belittled and misunderstood forest spirit.

Okot's Divine Attributes:

Okot is venerated for his association with the hunting of animals, emphasizing the skills, wisdom, and craftiness essential for success in the hunt. As the provider of food, Okot is depicted as a tall, muscular man with brown skin, adorned with beautiful leaves. His attire includes a bow and arrow, symbolizing his proficiency in the hunt and connection to the natural world. Legends speak of Okot making a whistling sound to announce his presence, a testament to his mystical connection with the forests.

A notable feature is Okot's possession of a golden belt containing seeds and herbs with potent healing properties. This aspect of his character adds a layer of complexity, portraying Okot not only as a provider of sustenance but also as a healer, reflecting the symbiotic relationship between nature and the Bicolano people.

The Impact of Spanish Colonization:

With the advent of Spanish colonization and the subsequent conversion of the people of Ibalong into Catholics, Okot's divine stature underwent a grievous transformation. The Spaniards, driven by their puritanical ideology, sought to impose their religious beliefs on the indigenous population. In this process, Okot, once a towering deity revered for his role in the natural order, was grossly mischaracterized.

Okot

Okot, Bikol Spirit of the Chase and the Forest

“A type of good spirit, duende, that spoke through whistling.” - Blumentritt’s Diccionario mitologico de Filipinas

“… in the forest where I came from there is also a god called Ocot, the god of chase… I know several people in the forest whom I know turned to stone for disobeying the rules of the god.”  - from “Nahaponan”, Philippine Folk Literature - The Myths Compiled and Edited by Damiana L. Eugenio, p. 181

The Belittling of Okot:

The Spaniards, in their reinterpretation of polytheistic deities as evil, did not deny the existence of Bicolano gods or spiritual beings. Instead, they propagated the idea that these deities were unworthy of worship, branding them as demons leading followers astray. This demonization tactic was frequently employed by Christian missionaries during the conversion of pagans. Okot, in particular, faced additional insult as the Spaniards aimed to belittle him further.

Stories circulated by the Spaniards depicted Okot, the god of forests, as a mere dwarf—a diminutive forest spirit. This deliberate attempt to diminish Okot's stature sought to undermine the cultural identity and beliefs of the indigenous population, eroding the reverence once held for this powerful guardian of the forests.

Okot
Diwata ng pangangaso

Okot's journey from a revered god of forests and the hunt to a belittled forest spirit underlines the impact of Spanish colonization on indigenous beliefs. Despite the attempts to distort his image, Okot remains a symbol of resilience in Bicolano Mythology, reminding us of the intricate connections between cultural identity, spirituality, and the enduring power of the natural world. As Okot's legacy endures, his tale serves as a poignant reminder of the complexities embedded in the clash of cultures during historical periods of colonization.

Despite the calculated efforts to diminish Okot's stature, the Bicolano people did not easily abandon their deep-rooted reverence for their guardian deity. Okot, though relegated to the status of a purportedly insignificant forest spirit by the Spaniards, continued to embody the essence of the forests, birds, and the hunt in the hearts and minds of the indigenous population.

Okot turned into a dwarf .. belittlement of the forest god

Okot

Throughout history, foreign invaders and colonizers who sought to control the Philippines often targeted the indigenous beliefs and practices of the Filipino people as a means of consolidating their power. This process of undermining local religions and their deities was a common tactic used to facilitate colonization and cultural assimilation. 

Okot, the Hunter God:

In Bicolano mythology, Okot is celebrated as the god of the hunt, possessing unparalleled skills and craftiness in tracking and capturing animals. He is often depicted as a tall, muscular man with brown skin, reflecting his connection to the natural world. Adorned with beautiful leaves, Okot symbolizes the harmony between humanity and the environment, emphasizing the importance of sustainable hunting practices.

Okot

The Skills and Equipment of Okot:

Okot's hunting prowess is exemplified through his use of a bow and arrow, showcasing his mastery over the art of hunting. The symbolism behind these tools extends beyond physical capabilities, representing the balance required in the relationship between man and nature. Okot's skills and equipment emphasize the importance of resourcefulness, wisdom, and the responsible utilization of natural resources.

Veneration of Okot:

Bicolanos venerate Okot not only for his role as the god of the hunt but also as the provider of sustenance. The god's ability to ensure the availability of food reinforces the connection between the spiritual and material realms. Communities offer reverence to Okot, recognizing the delicate balance between taking from nature and giving back.

Okot

Legendary Whistling and Golden Belt:

Legend has it that Okot announces his presence with a distinctive whistling sound, a signal to those who seek his favor or acknowledge his significance. Furthermore, Okot is said to possess a golden belt containing seeds and herbs with extraordinary healing properties. This belt reinforces the god's role as a provider, not only of sustenance but also of remedies for ailments.

Spanish Colonization and Distortion:

The arrival of the Spanish colonizers brought about a drastic shift in the Bicolano way of life, including their spiritual beliefs. The Spaniards sought to impose their religious ideologies on the indigenous people, undermining the significance of their deities. Okot, in particular, fell victim to a malicious distortion by the Spaniards who attempted to discredit him.

Transformation into a Tiny Dwarf:

The Spanish colonizers, driven by their puritanical ideology, disparaged Okot by claiming he was nothing more than a small and puny forest spirit, a stark departure from the tall and towering god revered by the Bicolanos. This distortion aimed to belittle Okot, portraying him as inconsequential in comparison to the foreign religious figures introduced by the Spaniards.

The story of Okot in Bicolano mythology serves as a poignant reminder of the cultural and spiritual challenges faced by indigenous communities during colonization. The betrayal of Okot reflects the broader pattern of the Spanish colonizers demonizing polytheistic deities and imposing their own religious beliefs on the Bicolano people. Despite the attempts to distort Okot's image, the essence of this revered god continues to endure in the hearts and stories of those who cherish the rich cultural tapestry of Bicolano mythology. 

Okot, the god of forests, birds, and the hunt in Bicolano Mythology, endured a painful transformation during the period of Spanish colonization. The deliberate attempts to belittle this towering deity by portraying him as a dwarf did not succeed in eradicating the profound connection between Okot and the Bicolano people. Instead, Okot's resilience stands as a testament to the enduring power of cultural identity and the unwavering commitment of a community to safeguard its traditions. As the Bicolano people continue to celebrate festivals like Daragang Magayon, they not only honor Okot but also reclaim their narrative and reinforce the significance of their cultural heritage.

REMINDER

The orally transmitted mythology of the Philippines is intended for sharing and understanding, not for appropriation, commercial exploitation, or the promotion of foreigners and foreign products. It is a dynamic narrative tradition that evolves over time, distinct from the standardized mythologies found in Western and European cultures. Unlike these established mythologies, the Philippine government has not mandated standardized versions of stories and legends.

Orally transmitted stories undergo variations and evolve over time, resulting in numerous different versions. There are many different version told by Filipinos,and retold by Filipinos.

Gugurang

 

Gugurang is considered the supreme deity in Bicol mythology because he embodies authority, justice, and the forces of nature. He is revered as the protector of the Bicolano people and the enforcer of moral order, using his divine powers to maintain balance in the world.

Fire, lightning, and the Mayon Volcano are symbols of Gugurang's immense power and dominion:

Fire: Gugurang is said to control the sacred fire, which represents both creation and destruction. Fire is a tool of purity and a force to maintain balance. When the people sin or disobey divine laws, Gugurang threatens to unleash fire as a form of punishment, symbolizing his control over life and death.

Lightning: As the god of lightning, Gugurang wields this force to demonstrate his might and strike down evil. Lightning symbolizes his ability to act swiftly and with great force, representing his role as a just deity who punishes wrongdoers.

Mayon Volcano: The Mayon Volcano, with its almost perfect cone shape, is seen as the dwelling place of Gugurang. Its eruptions are viewed as manifestations of his anger or displeasure. The volcano’s eruptions symbolize Gugurang’s wrath and his power over nature, serving as both a reminder of his strength and a warning to those who go against his will.

Gugurang

Gugurang is the Supreme deity in Bikolano mythology
Most powerful of all the gods and the ruler of the heavens.
Gugurang is often depicted as a middle aged man, muscular and tall, He is described as having long silver hair and wears white clothing, He is the god of goodness and he is fair to all, he who commands obedience to all. There is a saying "si Gugurang Masuripot" which means god is fair to all.

"Gugurang is the symbol of the good (an mga marhay) ready to punish the bad (an mga maraot). When the people saw fire (calayo) flowing out of the crater of Mayon, they would grow afraid. They would then offer a sacrifice (atang) to him to appease his wrath. The Baliana, priestess, officiated in the ceremony. Always when they committed wrong, there would be loud moaning of the earth followed by an eruption of fire and lava. Gugurang picutred as middle aged man with long silver hair that commands fire,He has emmisaries known as Katamay (fair-skinned silver cladcelestial beings),in additon he also commands a cadre of half-man half-bird creatures (Garuda/Katambang) that are strong and are capable of flight. That they would swoop and catch evi humans and monsters, but upon touching fresh waters they turn into attractive men with muscular bodies. Other stories tell that these emissaries of Gugurang  are monster that have the body of a muscular man and a face of an eagle and hands with sharp talons, thses creature have arms that turn into wings when pursuing its prey.

Gugurang

Gugurang

Gugurang

Gugurang in Bicol mythology

Gugurang

Gugurang as recorded by the Spanish invaders

''Gugurang was the good God, a benevolent genius of their region, defender and guardian of their homes, the one who protected them in their interests against the malice of the Asuang, who, on the contrary, was the evil spirit, the sovereign rival of Gugurang, an evil genius in itself who only delighted in causing them harm. They believed that Gugurang was always willing to hear their pleas and granted them whatever they asked for, both in things that were beneficial to them and to avenge themselves on their enemies, believing all their requests to be just. Hence, they always regarded him with great complacency and respect. In contrast, regarding the Asuang, from whom they expected countless evils, they constantly denounced, and at the idea that he could harm them, they fled in terror and alarm without knowing where to take shelter. The idea of the Asuang so relentlessly pursued them that when they were attacked by it, they abandoned everything, and they could even be heard erupting in uncontrolled cries of pity and horror, of lamentable imprecations, and moaning sighs. Above all, mothers who had young children spared no effort to carefully hide them, fearing that the Asuang would leave them bloodless and gutless.''



Gugurang's fire

Gugurang's fire was both symbolic and literal it is believed to be the flame that keep Mount Mayon and the whole of Ibalong warm and sunny. It is also believed that the fire of Gugurang is the knowledge of the gods, and is power. According to legend Asuang once tried to steal Gugurang's fire and send lava to Ibalong. Gugurang punished Asuang placing him under Mt. Malinao.

Descent to Ibalong

Makusog, matipuno, Mauban? 

In Bicolano mythology, tales of the Sky gods descending from the celestial realms are abundant. Among these legends is the story of Gugurang, the benevolent and supreme deity, who descended to the earthly realm by alighting upon the edge of Mt. Mayon. In this mythical narrative, Gugurang manifested as a sturdy young man adorned with flowing silver hair, which shimmered like the white or grey mauban. It is within this sacred encounter that Gugurang confronted Yasaw, a mischievous creature of the night.

Gurang na mauban

In various renditions of the legend, Gugurang exhibits a fascinating duality. At times, the deity assumes the guise of a venerable hermit with advanced age with all white or silver hair, only to seamlessly transform into a robust and powerful figure. The captivating stories further weave a narrative suggesting that Gugurang has chosen Mt. Mayon as a dwelling place, perpetuating the belief that the deity resides within the majestic confines of the mountain.

These enchanting tales not only highlight the divine presence of Gugurang but also underscore the dynamic and transformative nature of this celestial being in Bicolano mythology

Gugurang's subordinates

Linti  - the deity of lightning, embodiment of lightning that weirds the thousand spears

Dologdog - deity of thunder, rides a cloud 

Katambay - guardian spirits akin to western Angels

Katambang - bird creatures akin to hindu Garudas

Gugurang had two vassals under him, they were lesser gods and young Lightning (Linti) and Thunder (Dalogdog). They were the symbol of Gugurang's punishment. Gugurang would send the two to punish stronger beings (gods). They were seduced by Asuang to join him and was almost succesful.
Linti and Dologdog were the beings resposible why Mt Malinao is now half its size (people of Ibalong believed it was taller and bigger until the two lesser gods hit it with their powers)

The powerful Gugurang underhim commanded two groups of mythological being the Katambay and the Katambang. The Katambay are guardian spirit that protects men in time of need (similar to Western Angels). Semidivine being that is said to aid men when they pray to the gods and to him for help. Depicted as a tall muscular man with long black hair wearing a ''pudong'' (crown or headband or diadem depending on the stories) and clad in gold. He acts like a ''guardian angel'' againts evil. The other is the Katangbang (Garuda-like beings) cadre of half-man half-bird creatures (Garuda/Katambang) that are strong and are capable of flight. That they would swoop and catch evi humans and monsters, but upon touching fresh waters they turn into attractive men with muscular bodies. Other stories tell that these emissaries of Gugurang  are monster that have the body of a muscular man and a face of an eagle and hands with sharp talons, thses creature have arms that turn into wings when pursuing its prey,which Gugurang sumons to fight Asuang's legion of monsters.

Gugurang and Asuang
The fire of Ibalong

 
Whenever the people disobeyed his orders or wishes, he would cause the pit of the Mayon Volcano to rumble terribly. The people in time took this as a sign of warning, and accordingly, mended their foul ways. Or if their sins were beyond forgiveness Gugurang would make the volcano erupt to wipe out the sinners.
Gugurang then became the symbol of the good (an mga marhay) ready to punish the bad (an mga maraot). When the people saw fire (calayo) flowing out of the crater of Mayon, they would grow afraid. They would then offer a sacrifice (atang) to him to appease his wrath. The Baliana, priestess, officiated in the ceremony. Always when they committed wrong, there would be loud moaning of the earth followed by an eruption of fire and lava (abo)
Now, Asuang had no fire in his abode inside Mount Malinao (to the north of Albay). He wanted to be as powerful as Gugurang, at least. If the people aroused his wrath, he wanted to subdue them by a fire or rumbling in Mount Malinao (this was still whole then). He entreated Gugurang to give him some fire but Gugurang emphatically refused.
Angered He determined to oppose every move of Gugurang. He gathered around him evil counselors,his monsters and evil spirits whom he sent to the earth to turn the people to evil ways. After that, there was much immorality, lawlessness and crime. Gugurang in no time found out that it was Asuang who was causing all these things.

Asuang sent his monsters, his legions of ''Asuang'' ,He sent pestilence to the colonies and for a moment the people turned to the omnipotent for protection. Gugurang asked them for another atang or sacrifice and warned them to follow his commandments strictly or be exterminated by floods or eruption. Against Asuang himself Gugurang was powerless to do anything. It seemed that in the twinkle of an eye Asuang came to possess hidden powers hitherto denied him.

Gugurang particularly guarded his fire lest his enemy make good his threat of stealing it. He assigned his trusted helpers (catambang/katambay) to guard the symbol of his power. He was afraid, besides, that if the fire were to go out of its confines the world would be consumed in a mighty conflagration. 
Gugurang went to the colonies and summoned his winged guardians, cadre of half-man half-bird creatures (Garuda) that are strong and are capable of flight. That they would swoop and catch evi humans and monsters, but upon touching fresh waters they turn into attractive men with muscular bodies. Other stories tell that these emissaries of Gugurang  are monster that have the body of a muscular man and a face of an eagle and hands with sharp talons, thses creature have arms that turn into wings when pursuing its prey. to Swoop down and tear the legions of Asuang. Asuang's monsters were many but Gugurang's birdmen were strong. 
Asuang tansformed himself into a Yasaw. Nobody minds the Yasaw because everyone knew they were harmless creatures 
Asuang was able to enter and locate the guarded object, and with many guiles and wiles, he bribed the guards with gold (bolauan). The temptation (sogot) was too sweet to be denied. Hence Asuang obtained possession of Gugurang's fire. Putting it inside a coconut shell he started with it.

   Gugurang in his throne suddenly noticed that everything around him turned black, and that there were cries in the bowels of the volcano. But outside, the world was on fire.
Every colony that Asuang passed caught fire.  And with this he flew into the air pursuing the thief. While terror reigned among the people who were powerless against the conflagration, Gugurang and Asuang raced for supremacy. Gugurang must get the fire back, or else he would be left without any power at all. All the air around grew hot but still they went madly on. Asuang was nearing his seat and if he could get there before Gugurang,
Asuang braced up for the last stride and just as he was about to descend Mount Malinao, Gugurang caught up with him, Gugurang snatched the fire from the Yasaw (Asuang in disguise)


Gugurang on reaching Mount Mayon returned the fire to its place, and everything was bright again inside. Now before doing anything else he set about stopping the conflagration. He bade the heavens (calangitan) to rain continuously. And there was rain. And the big fire was under control. The people at once offered atangs, because they were convinced it was Gugurang who had caused the fire because of their wickedness. Then Gugurang punished the guards by chaining them to the precipices. Then for his revenge on Asuang—he ordered Lightning (Linti) and Thunder (Dalogdog) to strike hard against Mount Malinao that was defying him. Asuang attempted to bribe Linti and Dalogdog. He almost succeded in tempting them with power and alliance but they feared Gugurang more. So they strike Mount Malinao with their power until it was half its size. Entombing Asuang inside.

Gugurang and Bulan

                          Gugurang decided to bring back Bulan, so he willed all his power to bring back the primodial deity. The deity was reborn as an extremely lovely adolescent boy with fair skin, lithe body, comely features and eyes as black as night and exceedingly long hair as black as midnight. Comely and he was childlike, Gugurang was happy. He placed Bulan in the heavens and commanded the wind people to serve Bulan. The wind people loved their new lord. for Bulan was kind and playful, the wind people vowed in unison to forever serve him. Bulan was Gugurang's favorite for Bulan was sweet and playful. Like a sweet boy to his father. Gugurang would occasionally visit the heavens to see Bulan. Then it became less and less because Gugurang was busy managing the realm of men. Meanwhile in Ibalong
Asuang is feared and blamed for all the misfortunes of people, all the blame, and hate. After being defeated by his brother Gugurang, he seeks refuge in his abode along with his beast and other monsters. From his mountain he saw the god Bulan descending from the heavens to the waters, he remembered that Bulan was Gugurang favorite that the supreme deity personally placed him in the heavens. Bulan descending with an entourage of wind nymphs (tawong lipod) in the waters of Bicol, and Asuang and his minion of night beast came to the waters, He had plans of taking the boy moon to have revenge on Gugurang.  Then he stood in awe at the luminosity and radiance of the moon. He sent his vicious magindara or mermaids to capture Bulan, instead of capturing the moon deity upon seeing his comeliness they became tame and played together like children.  Asuang angered by what had happened personally went to the waters to where Bulan and the mermaids and wind nymphs played. He walked into the water as if it were solid ground followed by his flying beast. Bulan saw Asuang, Asuang expected the boy to be afraid and scream in terror, to Asuang surprise Bulan smiled and asked him to play and swim in the waters with him. Asuang moved by the kindness and warmth welcome of the lunar deity vowed that they will be friends. And that no harm shall come to him whenever he descends to the waters and lands of his domain, that also his beast and monsters shall treat the moon with veneration.

Oratihon

Orathion or Uratihon a young demigod of the sun and fire, he fell inlove with a mortal and disobeyed Bulan, and Gugurang's warmings not to go down to Ibalong (since he was still an adolescent god he cannot control his emotions and power) When he saw the beautiful maiden his body emitted heat which burned most of the colonies in Ibalong, killing the maided he loves. Gugurang destroyed his golden boat (Orathihon's vehicle to earth) and forbid him to ever god down to the human realm.




Gugurang takes mortal form and the Yasaw

The story about Gugurang descending to the land (Bicol) as a robust young man and encountering the Yasaw. Yasaw are Asuang's favorite creatures they  are short clawed beings who look like very darkskinned small children (they also act and think like childrem) they are playful and like to make pranks and like to frighten humans but they only scare, they do not harm to humans. One day Gugurang was in the realm of men and stumbled on a Yasaw, thinking it was Asuang (before Asuang turned into a Yasaw to get into moutn Malinao) Gugurang burned the harmless yasaw to dust. The ekek (birdlike minion of Asuang) saw what had happened reported it to Asuang. This added more fuel to the fire to Asuang's anger towards Gugurang.




Gugurang in Visayan Mythology

The Visayan people acknowleged the existance of Gugurang, in their point of view Gugurang was proud and boastful lesser god who would sometimes bring his army of winged bird-men creatures and try to attack Mt. Kanlaon. The god Kanlaon would send his locust and fire, and Gugurang would always end up defeated and would return to ''Ibalong'' (the other side)

Agurang and Asuang of  Visayan mythology

There are stories in Visayans about the good spirit of deity called Agurang who battled the Evil spirit named Asuang. (akin to Gugurang and Asuang of Bicol)

Gugurang: The Supreme Deity in Bikolano Mythology

In  Bikolano mythology, Gugurang stands as the supreme deity, revered as the most powerful among gods and the ruler of the heavens. Muscular and tall, with silver hair and clad in white, Gugurang embodies goodness and fairness. This essay explores Gugurang's characteristics, origins, role as a symbol of justice, and interactions with other mythological beings.

Gugurang's Attributes and Symbolism:

Described as fair and just, Gugurang commands obedience from all. The saying "si Gugurang Masuripot" encapsulates the belief that this deity is fair to everyone, symbolizing an embodiment of justice. Gugurang is associated with fire, both literal and symbolic, believed to be the flame that keeps Mount Mayon and the entire region of Ibalong warm and sunny. The fire of Gugurang is considered the knowledge of the gods, representing power and enlightenment.

Role as a Symbol of Justice:

Gugurang

Gugurang serves as the symbol of good, ready to punish the bad. The people of Ibalong would offer sacrifices to appease Gugurang's potential wrath, especially when witnessing fire flowing from the crater of Mount Mayon. The Baliana, a priestess, officiated in these ceremonies. Gugurang, depicted as a middle-aged man with silver hair commanding fire, was revered for maintaining order and justice in the mythological realm.

Gugurang's Origins:

Gugurang's origin story traces back to Paros, the divine embodiment of the winds, who, after being bested by Dagat, gave birth to Gugurang and other powerful deities. Gugurang's aggressive nature led him to assert dominance over his brothers Cagurangan and Asuang, taking control of the winds and flames of the heavens.

Gugurang's Fire and Subordinates:

Gugurang's fire is both literal and symbolic, believed to be the source of warmth for Mount Mayon and Ibalong. Legend has it that Asuang attempted to steal Gugurang's fire, leading to consequences for both gods. Gugurang had two vassals, Lightning (Linti) and Thunder (Dalogdog), who served as symbols of punishment.

Gugurang's Angel-like beings

The Katambay are guardian spirit that protects men in time of need. Semidivine being that is said to aid men when they pray to the gods and to him for help. Depicted as a tall muscular man with long black hair wearing a ''pudong'' (crown or headband or diadem depending on the stories) and clad in gold. 

Katambay - Guardian spirits 

The Katambay are a mythological race of spirits in Bicol lore. They are believed to reside with Gugrangwas, the god of good, in the skyworld called Kamurawayan. A Katambay is a guardian spirit who protects humans, depicted as spirits that take the form of men with long dark hair and wear "pudong" or gold ornaments or silver. They act like guardian angels in times of need.

These spirits are called or invoked in times of need and trouble to protect from harm or danger. People believe that they descend from the heavens to help those in need with pure intentions. The presence of Katambay is sought for reassurance and guidance during challenging moments, and their benevolent nature is trusted to bring comfort and safeguard individuals from adversity.

Katambang - Bird creatures, winged bird men

Gugurang's Winged Guardians and Cadre:

Under Gugurang's command were the Katambay and the Katambang. The Katambay, guardian spirits, protected humans in times of need, while the Katambang, half-man half-bird creatures, were formidable emissaries capable of flight and transformation. These beings played crucial roles in battling evil forces.

Gugurang and Asuang:

As the symbol of justice, Gugurang dealt with those who disobeyed his orders. Asuang, in opposition, sought to defy Gugurang's authority. The struggle between Gugurang and Asuang unfolded in a narrative involving stolen fire, battles, and the eventual defeat of Asuang by Gugurang and his winged guardians.

Gugurang and Bulan:

Gugurang's interaction with Bulan, the lunar deity, showcased a different facet of the supreme god. Placing Bulan in the heavens, Gugurang commanded the wind people to serve him, establishing a harmonious relationship with the gentle and playful lunar deity.

The Divine Enforcers  Linti and Dologdog 

In Bicolano mythology, the lesser gods Linti and Dologdog emerge as formidable entities responsible for commanding lightning and thunder, respectively. These divine brothers serve Gugurang, the benevolent god residing in Mount Mayon, and play a pivotal role in the epic tale of Asuang's audacious attempt to steal fire, resulting in a cosmic clash that altered the landscape and balance of power.

Gugurang, the supreme deity in Bikolano mythology, stands as a symbol of justice, fairness, and power. His interactions with other mythological beings, battles against evil forces, and role in maintaining order contribute to the rich cultural heritage of the Bikolano people. Gugurang's stories reflect not only the complexities of mythological narratives but also the values and principles upheld by the community.

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GAGAMBAN IN BICOL MYTHOLOGY

The Underworld in Philippine  (Bicol) Mythology

In Bicolano mythology, Gagamban is depicted as the underworld, a realm shrouded in eternal darkness but has a place of fire and punishment. It is a place where the souls of the damned are sent to expiate their sins, distinct from the concept of hell in other mythologies. This land of perpetual night is the dwelling place of Aswang, an evil deity who stands in stark contrast to Gugurang, the benevolent god of goodness and light.

Gagambang

The ancient Aswangs originated from the underworld

Aswang, in Bicolano lore, is not merely one of the nocturnal, bloodthirsty creatures commonly known as aswang today. He is a powerful, malevolent god, whose delight lies in causing chaos and harm to humanity. Fear, illness, and pestilence are all attributed to his malevolent influence. He thrives on the suffering of mortals, in opposition to Gugurang, who seeks to protect and nurture them.

Gagamban, was the original domain of  the deity Asuang, is the origin point of the ancient and original aswangs. These night creatures, released by Asuang himself, were sent forth from this shadowy realm to roam and wreak havoc in the world of the living, specifically in ancient Ibalong. Ibalong, an ancient name for the Bicol region, became a battleground for the forces of good and evil, with Gugurang striving to protect the people from the scourge of Aswang and his minions.

Naglagbong Lake in Tiwi

Naglagbong Lake, located in Tiwi, Albay, is a significant site in Bicolano mythology. This steaming lake is considered a gateway to the Underworld, known as Gagangban. The lake’s geothermal activity and mysterious nature contribute to its sacred status. In the mythological framework, Gagangban is the realm of the dead and spirits, representing a crucial aspect of the cycle of life and death. The custodian deity of Naglagbong Lake is often linked to the protection and guidance of souls traveling to the Underworld. This deity is revered for their role in overseeing the passage between the world of the living and the afterlife and where the original monsters and aswangs come from.

Symbolic NOT LITERAL 

 Gugurang embodies order, righteousness, and protection, while Asuang represents chaos, evil, and destruction. The existence of Gagamban serves as a reminder of the consequences of moral transgressions and the eternal battle between good and evil.