Tubigan god of the water |
Tubigan - was the god of water and the celestial ocean, ruled over all the swimming beast. Deity associated with material abudance
Dagat |
Dagat - the divine embodiment of the seas and ocean and daughter of Tubigan (In some stories she is the daughter of Langution). Some stories she was the daughter of Laguiton who took Paros the winds to be her husband and equal, they ruled over the skies and the seas. Love is one thing stronger than the gods for it killed her and Paros, other belief that they have found contentment and had simply slept, the sky and the sea. When she died/slept from the waters the god Magindang was born.
Paros - the divine embodiment of the winds, ever-changing, arrogant and polygamous until he was bested by Dagat, he fell in love with her and changed his old ways, they ruled over all the skies and seas. He and Dagat had four powerful children (Daga,Adlao,Bulan and Bituoon). When he died his energy gave birth to the Taong Lipod or the wind people and the trinity of the most powerful gods of Bicol (Cagurangan,Gugurang,Asuang), and to lesser gods such as Onos and Batala
Daga |
Daga - enormous as he is strong, his body is made of rocks. Arrogant that he had inherited most of his father's powers of the wind in addition to his strength. Daga persuaded his brothers to attack Languiton to steal his power but failed. He was struck down and his body became the earth
Adlao |
Adlao - noticeably happy and optimistic, The golden man, He was reluctant of his brother's plans but loved Daga too much to go against him. He became the sun
Bulan |
Bulan - fairest son of Dagat and Paros, He is comely and docile. Bulan obeyed his brothers will without question. He became the beautiful moon, he was restored back to life by the powerful Gugurang and placed him in the "Kamurayan" or Heaven.
Bituoon - lovely and bright and the only daughter of Paros and Dagat, She was of silver, She was accidentally killed by Languiton thus became the stars.
Gugurang |
Gugurang - The Bicolano Supreme declared Asuang to be his inferior. He commanded light and fire and some stories lighting. Depicted as tall, muscular with silver hair, He once resided in Kamurayan or heavens but left to reside in Mt. Mayon, in his place he placed Bulan in the heavens with the wind people.
"Sa Kapinuon-puonan, An buhay kan katawohan, Dusay lubos ki Gugurang
Na samuyang kagurangan"
Sa pinaka-simula, ang buhay ng sangkatauhan ay alay lahat kay Gugurang na pinakamakapangyarihan
He is the symbol of the good (an mga marhay) ready to punish the bad (an mga maraot). When the people saw fire (calayo) flowing out of the crater of Mayon, they would grow afraid. They would then offer a sacrifice (atang) to him to appease his wrath. The Baliana, priestess, officiated in the ceremony. Always when they committed wrong, there would be loud moaning of the earth followed by an eruption of fire and lava.
Asuang |
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Magindang - the powerful god of the sea, fishing and ruler of all its creatures. Venerated by fishermen and sea voyagers. He gives bountiful catch and safe passage to all who call to him.He is depicted as tall and muscular with long flowing hair. He is also known to admire the moon Bulan and the reason is to why the tides would rise towards the moon. He was tricked by Oryol who commanded the Magindara (vicious mermaids) to kill the beautiful maiden Malinao.
Adlao - ( ancient god re-worshiped) The embodiment of the sun and light, heat. Placed in the sky by Gugurang himself. Father of the demigod Uratihondemi sun god who fell in love with the mortal,refused to light the world until his father consented to their marriage; he afterwards visited girl, but forgetting to remove his powers over fire, he accidentally burned the girl and whole village until nothing but hot springs remained
Haliya - She is the goddess of moonlight and Bulan's sister, confidant and protector. She is strong and adamant as Bulan is weak and submissive. She is depicted as a very lovely young woman. She and Bulan are the most pursued and fairest beings in the heavens. She wears a mask to hide her beauty.
She was convinced by the wind people or Taong Lipod to go down to the waters of the earth to bathe. Often depicted holding a kampilan.
She is believed to worshiped by women, she is the symbol of strength in women. Dance ritual Halea or Haliya is named after her, She is also known to be the arch-enemy of Bakunawa (Bakunawa pursued his brother Bulan)
Onos |
Linti and Dologdog - Gugurang's two vassal depicted handsome young men . Lightning (Linti) and Thunder (Dalogdog). They were the symbol of Gugurang's punishment. Gugurang would send the two to punish stronger beings (gods). They were seduced by Asuang to join him and was almost succesful.
Linti and Dologdog were the beings resposible why Mt Malinao is now half its size (people of Ibalong believed it was taller and bigger until the two lesser gods hit it with their powers)
Okot |
Anito - ancestral spirits venerated in communities and households, little wooden idols depict them. Believed to guide their living descendants and bring graces and good fortune.
Oratihon - refered in Tagalog english stories as ''the unnamed sundeity'' demigod of the sun, fire, and warmth, described as handsome with golden brown skin and rides a golden boat. Son of Adlaw he is known to be the cause of a great fire in Ibalong and his tears turned into Hotsprings demi-sun god who fell in love with the mortal,refused to light the world until his father consented to their marriage; he afterwards visited girl, but forgetting to remove his powers over fire, he accidentally burned the girl and whole village until nothing but hot springs remained
Panganoron, a prince in Bicol mythology, is renowned as the beloved of Magayon. He was a noble figure who ventured into Ibalong in pursuit of a bride.
Gino Panganoron, also known as Gino Ulap or Prince Cloud among his companions, embarked on a quest to find a suitable partner. Having heard of the legendary beauty of Daragang Magayon, he journeyed far to behold her splendor. Panganoron was described as fair-skinned, and folklore speculated that his lineage was intertwined with that of the wind people or perhaps even mermaids. Enchanted by Magayon's allure, Panganoron demonstrated patience and unwavering admiration for her.
People believe that when clouds shroud the peak of Mayon Volcano, it symbolizes the ethereal embrace of Ulap and Magayon.
Oryol - the daughter of the deity Asuang. Oryol possesses inhuman beauty and prowess when it comes to seduction. Aside from being beautiful in stories, it is told that she has a beautiful voice that could lure anyone (both men and women, even animals) Half of her body is a serpent. In the Bicolano myths of Ibalong, Oryol is a demi-goddess with extraordinary beauty and seductive powers. Initially portrayed as both a villain and a hero, she commanded monsters against human colonies. However, a love story unfolds between Oryol and Handiog, a warrior. Despite their battles, they fall in love, and Oryol transforms from an obstacle to an ally, revealing divine secrets that contribute to the prosperity of Bicol. The story involves battles against monsters, including the mighty Buwaya tribe, and a tragic episode in Tulong Bulod where Oryol's jealousy leads to the demise of three sisters. Oryol's character embodies duality, portrayed as both malevolent and kind-hearted in different stories. Love plays a transformative role, highlighting the nuanced nature of her mythology.
Magindara - daughter of the deity Asuang and sister to Oryol. Magindara was said to be sweet and tender-hearted, unlike Oryol who was always smart and cunning. Asuang wanted to make chaos and asked her daughter to call a storm but Magindara being kind did not want to harm the people of Ibalong. She was banished to the sea by her father Asuang for disobeying him. Later beautiful but vicious mermaids appeared in the seas of Ibalong and were namesake Magindara
Tambaloslos - Tambalulos, a creature entrenched in Bicolano myths, embodies the unsavory aspects of human lust. Described as dark, ugly, and fearsome, with a large mouth, lips, and an imposing physique, this entity is said to lurk in the shadows. Stories tell of the Tambaloslos patiently awaiting victims or leading wanderers astray to ensnare them. Once trapped, it engages in perverse acts, subjecting its victims to violation until its desires are satisfied. According to Bicolano lore, the Tambaloslos, dwelling in the forest, preyed on lost souls—men, women, and even animals like chickens and pigs. Gugurang, appalled by its perverse ways, invoked a curse causing the creature's genitalia to grotesquely enlarge, preventing it from fitting into any opening. Despite this punishment, chilling tales persist, suggesting that the Tambaloslos still haunts the dark recesses of the forests, patiently waiting for unsuspecting victims.
BANOG |
As the Banog ascended to great heights, Oryol's dark command manifested, and the creature callously released Princess Masaraga into the abyss below. The moment of her fall marked the genesis of a somber landmark, Mount Masaraga, forever bearing witness to the tragic tale of the Banog's flight and the princess's untimely demise
SARIMAW |
SANTELMO - In Philippine mythology, particularly in Tagalog and Visayan folklore, Santelmo (or Santilmo) is a ball off fire believed to be the spirit of a person who has passed away near a river, lake, ocean, or during heavy rains. This departed soul manifests itself as a glowing ball of fire. Some legends suggest that Santelmo seeks revenge on those who may have wronged the person in life, while others believe the spirit is simply searching for peace. In Bicol they have a similar entity called Lucab
LUKAB - In Bicolano mythology, Lucab or Lukab is a blue ball of fire similar to Santelmo. Unlike Santelmo, LUCAB is often described as a blue-colored flame or a chilling, ghostly fire. This mystical phenomenon appears as a ball of fire in fields and swamps, particularly near bodies of water. LUCAB is known to bounce and float away, and it is considered risky for fishermen as it attempts to set sails on fire and pose a threat of drowning to those at sea.
LUKAB - In Bicolano folklore, Lukab or Lucab is a blue ball of fire, resembling Santelmo. However, Lucab stands out as it is often depicted with a blue-colored flame, giving off an eerie and ghostly glow. This mysterious occurrence takes the form of a floating ball of fire found in fields and swamps, especially near bodies of water. Lucab is known to bounce and drift away.
POPO - heartless creature originating from Gagamban or underworld. Its malevolence is conveyed through its ominous eyes, carrying a debilitating effect. This vengeful and irritable monster emits grunts akin to a pig. The touch of the Popo on a child's head brings an ominous fate, causing the child to steadily weaken until succumbing to death.
BONGGO - the most feared minister of Aswang. It has sunken eyes that flashed fire. It was a ferocious, large, muscular black humanoid. It has long, black hair, ugly hairy face and with sharp claws. It was vengeful and utterly cruel.
BONGGO |
BONGO - Bonggo, the dreaded minister of the deity Aswang, instilled fear with its fiery, sunken eyes. This formidable being was a massive, muscular black humanoid, adorned with long, black hair and a repulsively hairy face. Armed with razor-sharp claws, Bonggo embodied ferocity and cruelty, displaying vengeful tendencies that struck terror into the hearts of those who encountered it.
BONGGO – Bonggo is a humanoid monster with eyes that emit fire, capable of burning everything in its sight. It avoids crossing rivers since contact with water extinguishes its fiery gaze, leading to its demise. Bonggo is often in search of its wife, the aswang, who left it, and its victims are primarily women.
BONḠAN – Demonic dwarves and malignant spirits of the early Bicolanos.
BONGGO - the most feared minister of Aswang. It has sunken eyes that flashed fire. It was a ferocious, large, muscular black humanoid. It has long, black hair, ugly hairy face and with sharp claws. It was vengeful and utterly cruel.
BONGO - Bonggo, the dreaded minister of the deity Aswang, instilled fear with its fiery, sunken eyes. This formidable being was a massive, muscular black humanoid, adorned with long, black hair and a repulsively hairy face. Armed with razor-sharp claws, Bonggo embodied ferocity and cruelty, displaying vengeful tendencies that struck terror into the hearts of those who encountered it.
BONGGO – Bonggo is a humanoid monster with eyes that emit fire, capable of burning everything in its sight. It avoids crossing rivers since contact with water extinguishes its fiery gaze, leading to its demise. Bonggo is often in search of its wife, the aswang, who left it, and its victims are primarily women.
TUPONG-TUPONG - An ugly hominoid that could be as tall as a tree when it chanced to stand beside one or as short and puffed up when beside a child or any short object. It could hide anywhere and took the height and size of whatever object or structure it chooses. It was the bogey plastic creature of the ancient Bikol world. KIKIK was a nocturnal bird of ill-omen (paligsok). Its call signified the death of a person in a tribe. Some even suspected that a Kikik was Aswang disguised as a bird. When heard at night, people would cower for fear and invoke the protection of the Anitos or of Gugurang.
BUGSOK – Dark fairies, half-human half engkanto.
DIDIT – Didit, an earth cricket, chirps at night, symbolizing the death of a relative.
IBINGAN - huge red serpent with multiple fins and horns.
IBINGAN - A huge serpent with red scales. Turns multi colored when it is calm, turns red when angry and about to attack
IBINGAN - a multi-horned red serpent, with a fin on its head and back. It spitted poison when angry but whistled beautifully when happy. It perched on top of rocks close to the mouth of caves where the deadly mermaids dwell, and protected them from harm. It crushed its victim from sheer weight of impact.
KABALAN – Horse-like creatures
KABALAN - Gorilla
KADU-KADU – A small creature with pointed ears, Kadu-kadu possesses a larger upper body than the lower part.
KIKIK – The kikik, believed to be an aswang's emissary, produces distinct sounds, indicating the presence of an aswang. Some perceive it as a large owl or a bat with exceptional vision.
KUDO-KUDO – Kudo-kudo, an unseen creature accompanied by mosquitoes, frequents kitchens, consuming salt. It dwells in dark, damp spaces and can harm people when hurt.
KURAKPAO – An untidy creature with thick, disheveled hair and big, piercing eyes, Kurakpao carries a bat-shaped piece of wood and is ready to attack.
LAKI - A Laki is a creature with an upper body that resembles that of a human. It boasts a well-defined chest, muscular arms, and a human-like, albeit ugly, face. The lower body of the Laki is distinctly goat-like, characterized by hooved legs and a fur-covered hindquarter
LAQUI - is a type of Asuang that are once Yasaw who have tasted human blood. The once playful pranksters will become flesh eating monsters once they taste human blood.
LAKI - a monster that Yasaw would turn into, when punished by Aswang for its lazyness in scaring people. It has hooves and skin like those of a goat and the ugly face of a human being. It appeared at night and surprised night travelers with its shrill, piercing sound, but it was incapable of killing people.
Laqui (Laki) |
LAYUG/LAYAP – Layug or Layap can transform into a flying or disappearing creature at will.
MAMBABARANG – A witch who inflicts harm using insects and spirits, Mambabarangs use black magic to torment and eventually kill victims by infesting their bodies.
MANANGILAW or MANANG HILAW – Hairy humanoid giants residing in mountains and caves described with big feet, covered in black hair, and using vines to catch fish.
MANONOPSOP – A witch with a long, sucking tongue that extends meters, Manonopsop drains the blood of sleeping victims, especially pregnant women.
ONGLO – A small, hairy creature causing itching when touched. Onglo, with a man's upper body and horse's lower body, feeds on sun-dried food.
PATYANAK - a fusion of an untimely discharged human foetus and a tiny black bird. Fully grown, it has big round ears and a completely bald head, Its mournful wailing resembled that of an infant, if heard at night by a conceiving woman it would cause a miscarriage.
PATYANAK - Patyanak, a frightening entity, is a fusion of an untimely discharged human fetus and a tiny black bird. Upon reaching maturity, it exhibits distinctive features such as large round ears and a completely bald head. Its eerie, mournful wailing closely resembles that of an infant, and if heard during the night by a pregnant woman, it is believed to induce a miscarriage.
PANTIYANAK – The spirit of an aborted baby, the Pantiyanak seeks revenge on its mother. In its true form, it devours humans rapidly, resembling an old man with sharp, protruding teeth.
PONGO – An ape-like creature resembling an orangutan but larger.
POPO – A tall, slender creature with a pig-like snort, Popo drains energy from humans and animals using its eyes.
TAGO-NGIRIT – A creature half-hidden behind trees, Tago-ngirit wears a big smile, feared by children playing hide and seek.
TAMBALUSLOS – A humanoid creature with pig penis, Tambaluslos chases people in the woods, finding hilarity in victims who wear clothes upside-down.
TIKTIK OR WAKWAK – Birds and pets of the aswang, Tik-tik and Wak-wak announce the coming of their master at night.
TINGOHAN – A creature with big, sharp teeth that stays in the dark, causing fear among children playing hide and seek at night.
TUPONG-TUPONG – A humanoid creature capable of stretching its body to varying heights.
UNGMANAN – An unseen dweller of nature, Ungmanan causes sickness to those disrespecting nature, requiring healing rituals.
YASAW - creature that hid under the shadow of trees during moonlit nights. It delighted itself by scaring people. Should it be seen and at the same time a cry resembling that of an infant was heard or imagined, then somebody was going to die soon, for an Aswang was on the prowl.
YASAW - Yasaw, mischievous creatures Resembling dark-skinned small children, the Yasaw are known for their playful nature and love for pranks. Despite their mischief, they do not harm humans but rather aim to create fear and amusement. In Bicol mythology it is a creature favoired by Asuang. A misunderstanding between Gugurang and a Yasaw leads to divine retribution and intensifies Asuang's anger. The Yasaw's playful pranks unravel within the mythical realm of Ibalong, showcasing their distinctive role in the pre-colonial folklore of Bicol.
REMINDER
The orally transmitted mythology of the Philippines is intended for sharing and understanding, not for appropriation, commercial exploitation, or the promotion of foreigners and foreign products. It is a dynamic narrative tradition that evolves over time, distinct from the standardized mythologies found in Western and European cultures. Unlike these established mythologies, the Philippine government has not mandated standardized versions of stories and legends.
Orally transmitted stories undergo variations and evolve over time, resulting in numerous different versions. There are many different version told by Filipinos,and retold by Filipinos. Support Local Story tellers
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