Bicolano Mythological creatures

BIKOL MYTHOLOGY

Bicol mythology has a rich variety of creatures and mythological beings because it is deeply rooted in the region’s diverse cultural influences and oral traditions. The mythology blends elements of animism, Hindu-Buddhist beliefs, and influences from Visayan and Tagalog cultures. The stories have been passed down through generations, often in non-linear forms, leading to multiple versions of the same myths. This complexity, combined with the deep symbolic meanings Bicolanos attach to their myths, can make it difficult for foreigners and even other Filipinos to fully grasp the richness of Bicolano mythology.

The variety of creatures, each with its own lore and significance, reflects the richness of Bicolano culture and its deep connection to nature, spirituality, and the supernatural. As these stories continue to be shared and passed down through generations, the mythology of Bicol remains a vibrant and dynamic part of Filipino folklore.

Orally transmitted stories undergo variations and evolve over time, resulting in numerous different versions. There are many different version told by Filipinos,and retold by Filipinos. It is a dynamic narrative tradition that evolves over time, distinct from the standardized mythologies found in Western and European cultures. Unlike these established mythologies, the Philippine government has not mandated standardized versions of stories and legends.

Oryol

ORYOL - Oryol is a demi-goddess in Bicol. Depicted as a beautiful maiden with a beautiful voice but half of her body waist down is that of a snake, she is mentioned in the epic Ibalong. Believed to be the daughter of the deity Asuang. Oryol possesses inhuman beauty and prowess when it comes to seduction. Aside from being beautiful in stories, it is told that she has a beautiful voice that could lure anyone (both men and women, even animals)

Magindara

MAGINDARA - Beautiful but vicious mermaids with colorful scales. Eats human flesh but is poisoned by children and virgins blood. Said to have been very vicous but when the lunar deity Bulan descended some of them became tame.these  fierce siren of the sea, half woman, half fish with sharp fins and multicolored scales. It swam the deep seas or hid in cliffs and rocky shores. It would hide behind crags and rocks near the shorelines when summoned by evil spirits and waited for unsuspecting victims which it would drown in the deep sea.

MAGINDARA - Demigoddess, and sister of Oryol, kind and gentle as she is beautiful, Half of her body is of a fish some stories say Eel. Her voice is said to be able to either call or calm storms and deluge. Banished to the sea by her father Asuang for not using her voice to kill the settlers of Ibalong.

BAKUNAWA - titanic fish-dragon that causes the eclipse. Some stories tell she was once a beautiful Naga with a turtle as a twin. Bakunawa was said to be the most beautiful Naga under the sea, and she became a goddess and the gatekeeper to the underworld. One night the comely god of the moon descended and all the creatures were in awe with the luminosity and androgynous beauty of the moon god and Bakunawa too was smitten. Each time the lunar god would descend to swim in the waters of Ibalong he would play with the mermaids and Buwaya and never noticed Bakunawa, Bakunawa thinking the god Bulan purposely ignores her vowed to claim Bulan as her own. She transformed herself into a fish-dragon that could rise up and devour the moon. The other gods were angered by Bakunawa's brazen action and punished her trapping her into her monstrous form.

DARUWANAK - Giant turtle the size of an island. In some stories the daruwanak was the twin of the goddess Bakunawa, While Bakunawa turned into a goddess then dragon, Daruanak turned into a gigantic turle that resembles an island.

DARUANAK –  In Bicolano folklore, a gigantic turtle-like but hairy sea monster. Once it lived on land but because of its gradual growth it took to the sea in order to move freely.

DARUANAK - Small island in Pasacao, beautiful and is often surrounded by dolphins

DARUWANAK - Behemoth tortoise, colossal as an entire island. In certain tales, this monstrous creature is revealed as the celestial counterpart to the goddess Bakunawa. Unlike Bakunawa's transformation into a divine being and later into a dragon, Daruwanak metamorphoses into an immense turtle, its colossal form mirroring the contours of an entire island.

Irago - are water spirits in Bicolano mythology with the upper bodies of beautiful maidens and the lower bodies of eels(sometimes snakes), similar to mermaids. They were believed to live in both fresh and saltwater in the region of Ibalong. Irago are thought to control water and are considered benevolent beings who bring rain and protect treasures. During times of drought, they are said to help by bringing much-needed rain.

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Naga or Irago

NAGA - Naga also called Irago are water elementals that have the upper body of beautiful young maidens and the lower body of an eel (similar to a mermaid). Long ago they were believed to reside in both fresh and salt waters of Ibalong. They are believed to be able to control water and are benevolent bringers of rain and guardians of treasure. The Naga are said to help people when in times of drought by bringing rain. Naga was believed to one of the many creatures to greet the descent of the celestial god Bulan on the waters of Ibalong. Some stories say that the Bakunawa was the most beautiful and powerful of all the Naga, thus a goddess among the Naga.

Naga -  also called Irago, are serpents related to Oryol, a serpent with a beautiful voice and could change its image to deceive enemies. Handyong sealed all the serpents inside a huge cave in Mount Hantik. They are also called Irago

TANDAYAG NA OPON - Tandayang sa Opon, an immense boar that once freely roamed the lands of Ibalong, saw its existence disrupted when human settlers arrived and established their colony. Revered as the guardian of the plains, the colossal creature became perceived as a menace and a threat by the new inhabitants of Ibalong. In response, Baltog, the champion of the settlers, bravely confronted and ultimately defeated Tandayang sa Opon using only his bare hands.

Tandayang sa Opon - Huge boar that is smart and the guardian of the fields before Men came to Ibalong

TANDAYAG NA OPON - Overly sized boar that once roamed freely in the land of Ibalong until the human settlers came and built their colony. Tandayang sa Opon was believed to be the guardian of the plains. He was considered a menace and a treat by the new settlers of Ibalong, and their champion Baltog killed the Tandayang sa opon with his bear hands.

Tandayag boar: The word tandayag means “giant”, meaning that it could be any living being that had grown very old and enormous. In the epic, Tandayag was the boar slew by Baltog

TANDAYAG NA OPON – The guardian of the fields A huge black boar with massive tusks, residing in the hills of Lingyon. One of the forest guardians of Ibalong before the humans came, was slain by the human settlers

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SARIMAW

Sarimaw - the sarimaw in Bicol mythology is a formidable creature, the warriors of Ibalong united to confront and drive away the giant Sarimaw, directing it to Mount Kulasi. Sarimao, described as avenging monsters, were known for their brutal fierceness and pursuit of evildoers. Led by Handyong, the Sarimao were ultimately exiled to Mount Kulasi as a consequence of their destructive actions against those with hidden guilt, unable to face justice. Sarimaw is depicted as a beast resembling a mixture of a lion and boar with horns.

SARIMAW -  the Sarimaw in Bicol mythology is a beast that is describes as a mixture of Tiger and Lion and boar with horns

SARIMAO – Avenging monsters in the Ibalong Epic, Sarimao target evildoers, appearing ugly and ruinous.

sarimao

Sarimaw - A Strong beast, The warriors of Ibalong joined forces attacked the Sarimao and drove away the giant Sarimaw (they drove it to mount Kulasi)

Sarimaw

Sarimao: The sarimao were avenging monsters that were brutally fierce, ugly, and ruinous. They went after evildoers, usually to those with hidden guilt, who could not be brought to justice. Handyong exiled the Sarimao to Mount Kulasi. Their human equivalents are believed to be those who take the law into their own hands, who have suffered injustice

Sarimaw

Sadab Tree

Tree of Sadab, a colossal, magical tree believed to have been planted by the Creator to protect the life-giving springs flowing down the mountain. The tree is described as the largest among all trees in the dense forests of Isarog, with its vast branches spanning over one square kilometer.  the Tree of Sadab is imbued with extraordinary powers, such as the ability to extend and move its branches and roots at will, using them as both weapons and tools of defense, and is also protected by small fairies called lambana. The Sadab tree is said to be poisonous because it absorbs the poisons on the soil and on peoples hearts thus making the waters around Isarog clean. 

LUNGGAWE

the Lunggawe is a huge bird that is said to reside in mount Isarog. The lunggawe bird is said to be immune to poisons, such it can pearch in the tree of Sadab (magical poisonous tree) 

RABOT

Rabot was the last of the ancient great monsters that resided in Ibalong. Some stories depict Rabot as a strong bipedal creature, while others describe him as a four-legged beast that is half-human and half-animal. His upper body resembles that of a muscular man, while his lower body is that of a huge goat, though some versions describe it as resembling a water buffalo. Rabot possesses sharp golden teeth and has the ability to turn people into stone. He is immeasurably strong and fast, akin to the beasts of the forest. His voice is loud and booming, resembling a mighty roar. Additionally, he has enormous bat-like wings that seem to cover the moon when he flies at night. Rabot was nearly undefeatable, but Baltog discovered his secret: Rabot sleeps during the day. In some versions, it is the demigoddess Oryol who reveals this secret to Baltog, guiding him in his quest to defeat Rabot.

Rabot -  coined as THE LAST MONSTER IN IBALONG a colossal, bipedal creature. His upper body is a testament to formidable human-like strength, while his lower body mirrors the robust build of a water buffalo. Adorned with golden sharp teeth and large bat wings capable of obscuring the moon, His roar and voice can kill and he can also turn people and creatures to stone

Rabot

Rabot

RABOT - Powerful beast.  a powerful creature with a body that was half-human and half-beast. His upper body was muscular like a man, but his lower body resembled that of a goat with a human face. Rabot had golden sharp teeth and the ability to turn people into stone. He possessed immense strength and speed, akin to the beasts of the forest. His voice roared loudly, and he had huge bat wings that seemed to cover the moon when he flew at night. He is known as the last monster in Ibalong

Rabot

Rabot: Rabot was a ferocious half-human half-monster that could turn people into the rock by magic. Rabot is described as ugly, a liar, and had a loud voice. Bantong slew the monster using his bolo

BANNOG

Banog

BANOG - The Banog is a flying monster in Bicolano mythology. It is said to be in the shape of a thin body but strong monstrous man with huge wings. Some stories depict it as a scary humanoid with wings. Oryol enchanted the Banog using her voice and commanded the Banog to fly and kill the Princess Masaraga

When they were high enough the Banog dropped Masaraga. The ground where Masaraga fell to her death Mount Masaraga appeared

NAGINED, MAGKABURAK, and ARAPAYAN –  The powerful trinity of demons in the old Ibalong beliefs, said to be three powerfully built handsome men with tattoos covering their faces and whole body. It is said that when they talk they all speak in the same time, and that their true form is a three headed demon. They are demons invoked when one wants to do harm. Even Asuang asks for their help when he wants to cause chaos

NAGINED, MAGKABURAK, and ARAPAYAN

NAGINED, MAKBURAK, and ARAPAYAN

The malevolent triumvirate of demons within ancient Ibalong folklore, whispered to be three towering, grotesque figures adorned with insidious tattoos veiling their faces and bodies. Legends tell of their unified, synchronized voices that echo in eerie harmony, concealing the sinister pact they share. Their authentic manifestation is believed to be a nightmarish, three-headed demon. These malevolent entities are invoked to unleash harm, so potent that even Asuang, the harbinger of chaos, implores their aid to amplify his malevolence.

Katambay - Guardian spirits 

The Katambay are a mythological race of spirits in Bicol lore. They are believed to reside with Gugrangwas, the god of good, in the skyworld called Kamurawayan. A Katambay is a guardian spirit who protects humans, depicted as spirits that take the form of men with fair skin and long dark hair and wear "pudong" or gold ornaments or silver. They act like guardian angels in times of need.

These spirits are called or invoked in times of need and trouble to protect from harm or danger. People believe that they descend from the heavens to help those in need with pure intentions. The presence of Katambay is sought for reassurance and guidance during challenging moments, and their benevolent nature is trusted to bring comfort and safeguard individuals from adversity.

KATAMBAY - are benevolent celestial beings who look like tall men with fair skin and long black hair  act as intermediaries between Gugurang and the humans.  Other roles of katambay include protecting and guiding human beings, and carrying out tasks on behalf of Gugurang. Bikolano's believe that a katambay is that is assigned to protect and guide a particular person, family or group. They can be invoked in time of need.

KATAMBAY -  guardian spirit that protects men in time of need. Semidivine being that is said to aid men when they pray to the gods and to him for help. Depicted as a tall muscular man with long black hair wearing a ''pudong'' (crown or headband or diadem depending on the stories) and clad in gold. He acts like a ''guardian angel'' againts evil.

Katambay - are benevolent celestial beings who act as intermediaries between Gugurang and the humans.  Other roles of katambay include protecting and guiding human beings, and carrying out tasks on behalf of Gugurang. Bikolano's believe that a katambay is that is assigned to protect and guide a particular person, family or group. They can be invoked in time of need. 

KATAMBAY –  (Bicol) A term used to by the early people of Bicol to refer to guardian anito.

Katambay - a type of guardian spirit similar to guardian angels (like how it’s written in the text) and the umalagad of the Bisayans

Katambay - a type of guardian spirit similar to guardian angels and the umalagad of the Bisayans

KATAMBANG -  a cadre of half-man half-bird creatures (Garuda/Katambang) that are strong and are capable of flight. That they would swoop and catch evi humans and monsters, but upon touching fresh waters they turn into attractive men with muscular bodies. Other stories tell that these emissaries of Gugurang  are monster that have the body of a muscular man and a face of an eagle and hands with sharp talons, thses creature have arms that turn into wings when pursuing its prey.

Katambang -  a cadre of half-man half-bird creatures (Garuda/Katambang) that are strong and are capable of flight. That they would swoop and catch evi humans and monsters, but upon touching fresh waters they turn into attractive men with muscular bodies. Other stories tell that these emissaries of Gugurang  are monster that have the body of a muscular man and a face of an eagle and hands with sharp talons, thses creature have arms that turn into wings when pursuing its prey.

ANITO – Ancestral spirits venerated in communities and households, little wooden idols depict them. Believed to guide their living descendants and bring graces and good fortune. They are usually represented by small wooden dolls called Tagno (generic idol) and Lagdong (imaged carved to repesent a certain relative of ancestor) .These idols symbolising the anitos or dead ancestors (within the home and family)  are prayed upon and given offerings to grand request and to answer prayers. These anito were closely interwoven on the lifestyle of people.

TAWONG LIPOD-  as a general term for invisible mythological creatures like fairies, nymphs, giants, elves, etc. 

Tawong Lipod

Tawong Lipod

Tawong Lipod -"Tawong Lipod" in Philippine mythology started as benevolent female spirits connected to clouds and waters in Bicolano culture. Over time, they transformed into the unseen malevolent figures known as Engkanto. Originally slender and pleasing, capable of controlling winds, they are now depicted as harmful invisible beings in contemporary horror stories. In today's Philippines, Tawong Lipod has shifted from a positive myth to a demonized entity causing affliction and sickness in people's imagination.

Tawong Lipod

TAWONG LIPOD  -The Tawong Lipod comprises female spirits associated with the winds and clouds. Among them, certain entities underwent transformations, becoming water nymphs as well as malevolent spirits and dark shadows. This metamorphosis occurred when the deity Bulan inadvertently left some of these spirits behind during his ascent from Ibalong back to the heavens. Spirits of the air and clouds, depicted as lovely youths female spirits Predominantly known as the handmaidens and surfs of the celestial god Bulan. The tawong Lipod would always be the lunar god's entourage when he comes down to bath and swim in the waters of Ibalong. In Bicolano myths, they were the ones that convinced the moon goddess and god Haliya and Bulan to come down from the heavens and bathe in the waters of Ibalong.

Tawong Lipod

Tawong Lipod - in contemporary Bicol is often portrayed as invisible and malevolent Engkanto causing harm and fear. Tawong Lipod appears as dark, malevolent, and invisible Engkanto, taking on scary forms like dark shadows or ugly beings when they manifest.

Tawong Lipod - Dark malevolent and invisible engkanto that causes harm, when they appear they show in scary forms such as dark shadows, dark ugly beings.

Tawong Lipod - Malevolent  invisible entities take on frightening forms, such as dark shadows or ugly beings

Tawong Lipod - Dark malevolent and invisible engkanto that causes harm, when they appear they show in scary forms such as dark shadows, dark ugly beings.

Tawong Lipod - Malevolent  invisible entities take on frightening forms, such as dark shadows or ugly beings

Apolaki - The golden mountain monster. It stands in two feet and shaped like a man but has a diadem of gold that shines bright like the sun. It is said that the Apolaki is the fierce monster of the forest that is immune to fire. The warriors of Ibalong tired to burn the forest down but  it had no effect on the Apolaki. The Apolaki was so strong that even the lightning god linti was defeated.

APOLAKI

APOLAKI

Apolaki - mountain monster

Apolaki - Monster in the moutain that is shaped like a man

ANGONGOLOOD - looks like a Kabalang (gorilla), it inhabited the swamps and riverbanks. It was a hairy, ugly homanoid that waited for fishermen and boaters at the mouth of rivers. It surprised its victim by hugging it and turning its prey into a tree.

Angongolood

Angongolood -black hairy creatures that dwell along the murky riversides, the Angongolood were grotesque apes, lurking in the shadows. Their dreadful presence brought an ominous fate to those unfortunate enough to encounter them, as they possessed the ability to transform their victims into trees with a sudden and constricting embrace.

Angongolood

Angongolood: The Angongolood lurked along shadowy riversides. They were hideous apes that transformed their victims into trees surprising them in a tight embrace

Angongolood

IBINGAN - A huge serpent with red scales. Turns multi colored when it is calm, turns red when angry and about to attack

IBINGAN FLOAT 

IBINGAN – was a multi-horned red serpent, with a fin on its head and back. It spitted poison when angry but whistled beautifully when happy. It perched on top of rocks close to the mouth of caves where the deadly mermaids dwell, and protected them from harm. It crushed its victim from sheer weight of impact.

Buwaya - Buwaya in Ibalong and Bicol mythology, the giant smart corcodiles monsters and the humaoid crocodile men. The giant crocodiles were vicious and infested the rivers lakes and seas of Ibalong but when the Moon god Bulan descended to bathe in the waters of Ibalong some of them became tame when they saw his luminous countenace. Some of the giant crocodiles and the humanoid crocodiles were Slain by the Hero Handiong with the help of the demi goddess Oryol used her magical voice to lure and kill most of them, which turned the rivers red with blood. The survivors, along with Sarimao, were banished and sealed in Mount Kulasi.

BUWAYA - strong and vicious reptilian-like creatures (resembling crocodiles) of water, they can transform into humanoid bipedal beings when out of the water.  They were believed to have infested the waters of Ibalong until the god Bulan descended and tamed most of them, and until the great hero of Ibalong purged the land and seas of their race according to legend the hero along with his men and with Oryol's help slaughtered most of the Buwaya to make way for their new colony in Ibalong. 

Giant crocodile: Also called buaya, Handyong defeated the giant crocodiles in combat. Handyong was assisted by Oryol in killing many of them, which lead tinged the Bicol River red with blood. The survivors were banished, along with Sarimao, to Mount Kulasi.

BURINGCANTADA

Buringcantada: Buringcantada is a giant with one eye in the middle of its forehead and two long tusks projecting from the sides of its mouth. There is another monster named Buring with one eye and three throats, covered in black, sharp hair, and living in the swamps of Ponong.

BURINGCANTADA - enchanted cyclops ogre

BURINGCANTADA -  Buringcantada is a giant with one eye in the middle of his forehead and with two long tusks that projected from the sides of his mouth

BURING was a monster with one eye and three throats, it howled in three different tones, it lived in the swamps of Ponong. Its body was covered with black, sharp hair that was unbearably itchy when touched. It has sharp claws and sharp teeth.

PUNONG - a variant of Ogre same as a for Boringcantada

PATING NA PAKPAKAN - winged scaly creatures of the water with sharp teeh and circles it prey, in stories they were almost wiped out by the hero Handyong

Pating na Pakpakan

PATING NA PAKPAKAN (TIBURONG)– A flying shark with razor-sharp teeth that circles prey from the air, tamed by the warrior-hero Handyong in the Ibalon Epic.

Tiburon

Tiburon

Tiburon: The tiburon were giant flying fishes which had slimy, scaly, and hardy flesh and saw-like teeth that could crush rocks. Handiong and his men did not stop until they vanquished every tiburon

Pating na Pakpakan

Tiburon

Aswang

ASWANG - Aswangs In Bicol mythology originating from the underworld called Gagambang or (and) transformed mortal humans given dark gifts (black pearl or stone that turns into black chick or birds) by the deity, navigate the night with supernatural abilities, emphasizing their insatiable need for human flesh, blood, or entrails. As the sovereign of monsters, Asuang commands a legion of creatures collectively known as "aswang," that he send to scatter to the Visayas region. symbolizing fear and darkness in Filipino folklore.

flesh-eating, blood-drinking, and viscera-eating shapeshifters. In Bicol mythology They are minions of the god of evil and chaos Asuang. they are many and comes in different forms and sizes (some change to wereboars, weredogs, werecats ect) with things in common that they are loyal to their lord and sovereign Asuang, they also venerate the celestial god Bulan for he a friend of Asuang. Thus Asuangs come out at night and are more jubilant during the full moon remembering their sacred pact to honor the gods Bulan and Asuang.

Some of them come from the underworld and some are human turned Aswang by the deity by giving them black pearls or stone that came from his mouth that turned into dark chicks and birds. injesting these black pearls changes humans turn into creatures of the night

Asuang

Kabalan - Gorilla in Bicol

Kabalan - Catanduanes mythology hairy centaur

DUENDE

DWENDE – Dwendes are short, long-bearded old men dwelling in mounds resembling ant hills.

In Bicolano mythology, a Dwende is a magical dwarf-like creature, often depicted as a short, long-bearded old man living in a mound called a ponso. White dwarves are friendly and harmless, living in attics and sometimes heard laughing, while black dwarves are mischievous and can bring illness or misfortune. Dwendes often steal food, money, or objects they fancy. They live in mounds, and if someone urinates on their home, they may cause bongao (genital inflammation). Dwende are generally helpful but can cause illness or death if offended. It’s advised to take clothes inside before dark to prevent them from being stolen by dwendes.

Black Dwarf (Dwendeng Itim)

Folklore often describes different types of dwende, and many stories depict the black dwarf as the most malevolent. It is usually portrayed as dirty, with a bad temperament, often playing tricks on those it takes an interest in. However, other tales suggest that the black dwarf can be playful and even bring good luck. If one encounters a black dwarf, it may bring fortune, but it is important not to disturb them.

Red Dwarf (Dwendeng Pula)

The red dwarf is commonly described in folklore as the bravest and most fearsome. It is said that if one appears, it may be a bad omen for the individual or their family. People are warned not to make deals with red dwarves, as they are considered cunning and may not honor agreements. It is generally advised to avoid them whenever possible.

White Dwarf (Dwendeng Puti)

The white dwarf is quiet and often prefers to remain unnoticed. If it appears, it is advised not to engage in conversation, as it may play tricks once it gains your attention. While mischievous, especially with children, white dwarves are also believed to possess knowledge of healing, particularly for those afflicted by curses (nabarang).

Green Dwarf (Dwendeng Berde)

The green dwarf is known for being playful, especially around children, and is thought to bring good luck, particularly in gambling. However, they are said to be fickle, and it is advised not to trust them completely. Green dwarves are elusive and need to be coaxed gently if communication is desired. Some believe involving children in these interactions can be helpful.

Blood Dwaf (Duendeng Mangalo)

Duwende Mangalo

The blood dwarf or Mangalo is a stoic type of dwarf that likes to drink blood of animals, stories tell that they give gold to people they favour, not only gold but good luck. The Mangalo is sometimes considered an Aswang because it drinks blood, and is said to be feared by other type of dwarves

SIGBEN - In Philippine folklore, the Sigbin or Sigben is a monster who appears at night to suck the blood of victims from their shadows. It resembles a hornless goat, but has very huge ears that can be clapped like hands and a long, flexible tail that may be used as a whip. In other accounts, it walks backwards because its feet are facing the opposite way.

It is claimed to move backwards with its head buried between its rear legs and to be invisible to other species, particularly humans. The Sigbin is believed to have a foul odor. During Holy Week, it is said to emerge from its burrow, hunting for youngsters to slaughter for their hearts, which it molds into amulets.

Sigben

Sigbin

Segben

MANDURUGO 

Mandurugo

The Mandurugo is a type of Aswang in Bicolano mythology, similar to a Harpy. These vampiric creatures are described as having stunning faces and the bodies of large predatory birds. In some stories, they appear as beautiful maidens with bird-like wings, who seduce men and then feed on their blood.

 Mandurugo

PATIYANAK - Patyanak in Bicol folklore is a frightening entity, is a fusion of an untimely discharged human fetus and a tiny black bird. Upon reaching maturity, it exhibits distinctive features such as large round ears and a completely bald head. Its eerie, mournful wailing closely resembles that of an infant, and if heard during the night by a pregnant woman, it is believed to induce a miscarriage.

patiyanak

BONḠAN – Demonic dwarves and malignant spirits of the early Bicolanos.

BULALAKAW - mythological birds greatly resembling white pheasant bird that can control fire, the females are red and the males are pure white. female are able to grant fire charms (mutya ng bulalakaw) to those who catch it granting the owner to use fire magic, while the males are able to grant healing charms and protection

BONGGO - the most feared minister of Aswang. It has sunken eyes that flashed fire. It was a ferocious, large, muscular black humanoid. It has long, black hair, ugly hairy face and with sharp claws. It was vengeful and utterly cruel.

BONGO

PONGO or BONGO - Bonggo, the dreaded minister of the deity Aswang, instilled fear with its fiery, sunken eyes. This formidable being was a massive, muscular black humanoid, adorned with long, black hair and a repulsively hairy face. Armed with razor-sharp claws, Bonggo embodied ferocity and cruelty, displaying vengeful tendencies that struck terror into the hearts of those who encountered it.

BONGGO – Bonggo is a humanoid monster with eyes that emit fire, capable of burning everything in its sight. It avoids crossing rivers since contact with water extinguishes its fiery gaze, leading to its demise. Bonggo is often in search of its wife, the aswang, who left it, and its victims are primarily women.

BONGO

PONGGO or BONGO - Bonggo, the dreaded minister of Aswang, struck fear into the hearts of all. Its sunken eyes emitted fiery flashes, creating an ominous aura. This ferocious entity stood as a large, muscular black humanoid with long, black hair and a visage adorned with ugly hair. Its sharp claws were formidable weapons, and a vengeful and cruel demeanor characterized Bonggo's every move.

BONGGO – Bonggo is a humanoid monster with eyes that emit fire, capable of burning everything in its sight. It avoids crossing rivers since contact with water extinguishes its fiery gaze, leading to its demise. Bonggo is often in search of its wife, the aswang, who left it, and its victims are primarily women.

Agama
A colossal crab that resides in the crater of Mount Isarog, tasked with guarding the mountain. Legend says that if this Agama is disturbed in its slumber, the mountain will not erupt with lava, but with a deluge of water and enormous rocks, threatening the surrounding land.

Angongolkol

Angongolkol 

This eerie tale tells of a man transformed into a black water fairy, guarding the rivers of Mount Isarog. Known as Angongolkol, his presence instilled fear, especially in children and women, who avoided being alone by the river, where he was believed to reside.

Bulawang Baka
The Golden Cow of Mount Isarog served as a traditional weather omen for the local people. Whenever this mystical creature was seen flying from one mountain to another, such as from Isarog to Tinambac or Lagonoy, it signaled an impending calamity, warning the villagers to prepare for disaster.

Bulawang Baka

Puting Kabayo
A magical white horse that soars through the skies, the Puting Kabayo is said to protect the forests of Mount Isarog. This guardian spirit patrols the woods to safeguard the habitats of all the living creatures that dwell within.

Engkanto
Enchanting and beautiful, the Engkanto, or mountain fairies, dwell in Mount Isarog to protect its natural resources. These guardians ensure that the forest remains untouched by illegal loggers and intruders. Those who trespass in the mountain’s tranquility may find themselves lost in the woods or caught in a sudden storm.

Ang Kasili
A gigantic freshwater eel that slumbers within Mount Isarog, the Kasili serves as one of the mountain's ancient protectors. Local lore claims that disturbing this guardian will awaken its fury, and the mountain will soon unleash destruction.

Engkantadong Kabinag

Engkantadong Kabinag - This mystical creature, sometimes referred to as the "Kabinag," is a handsome water spirit with long black hair, often seen wearing white. The Kabinag lives underwater in the brooks and waterfalls of Mount Isarog, safeguarding them from harm. Natives from Pili and Tigaon speak of this spirit, warning that those who become lost while swimming in the waterfalls may have angered the Kabinag.

Engkantadong Kabinag

Sir-it
A dwarf-like or tiny human-like figure, Sir-it is said to dwell in Mount Isarog, particularly around the waters of Tigaon. This small creature is believed to protect the area's natural springs and water sources.

Sir-it

Taong Mahibo
A giant, hairy man who roams the forests of Mount Isarog, Taong Mahibo is said to be a protector of the mountain’s ancient trees. He defends the forest against illegal loggers, ensuring that the woods remain preserved.

Taong Mahibo

SANTELMO - In Philippine mythology, particularly in Tagalog and Visayan folklore, Santelmo (or Santilmo) is a ball off fire believed to be the spirit of a person who has passed away near a river, lake, ocean, or during heavy rains. This departed soul manifests itself as a glowing ball of fire. Some legends suggest that Santelmo seeks revenge on those who may have wronged the person in life, while others believe the spirit is simply searching for peace. In Bicol they have a similar entity called Lucab or Bolang Kalayo

SANTELMO

"santélmo" (or sometimes spelled "santelmo"). may refer to St. Elmo's fire, a natural phenomenon where glowing balls of light are seen, often interpreted as mystical or supernatural. In local folklore, "santélmo" is associated with glowing orbs of fire that float in the air, often believed to be spirits or omens. "bolang kalayo" ("bola" meaning ball and "kalayo" meaning fire).

KOROKORO The bird-messenger, sometimes black, sometimes brown; if heard at night, people fear that Aswang is around and ready to suck the blood and devour the entrails of sick persons or of babies. It also announces the impending death of a person, if the warbling is followed with the muffled sound of an approaching storm. Any place inhabited by a Korokoro is said to have a resident aswang in its locality.

KOROKORO  the avian messenger, whose feathers shift between shades of black and brown. When its nocturnal call echoes, anxiety fills the air, signaling the possible presence of Aswang. In the stillness of the night, people dread the thought of Aswang, notorious for extracting blood and feasting on the entrails of the ailing or infants. Moreover, Korokoro's melodic warble, coupled with the muted rumble of an approaching storm, forewarns of an impending demise. Legend has it that wherever Korokoro resides, an Aswang lurks in the vicinity.

BUGSOK – Bugsok, a black goblin, moves with feet up and hands down, burying objects into people, causing severe illness.

EK-EK - Ek-ek or Ekek in ancient Bicol mythology, Ekek are depicted as black birds with the extraordinary ability to manipulate their voices, allowing them to speak in the voices of humans.

Ek-EK - Philippine mythology, Ekek, also referred to as Ek Ek, manifest as avian-human entities. These winged beings engage in nocturnal pursuits, seeking out victims under the shroud of night. Driven by an unrelenting appetite, they crave the sustenance of flesh and blood. Rooted in the antiquity of Bicol mythology, these entities are characterized as ebony-feathered birds endowed with the uncanny ability to manipulate their vocalizations, proficiently mimicking the voices of humans.

DIDIT – Didit, an earth cricket, chirps at night, symbolizing the death of a relative.

KOROKORO The bird-messenger, sometimes black, sometimes brown; if heard at night, people fear that Aswang is around and ready to suck the blood and devour the entrails of sick persons or of babies. It also announces the impending death of a person, if the warbling is followed with the muffled sound of an approaching storm. Any place inhabited by a Korokoro is said to have a resident aswang in its locality.

KOROKORO  the avian messenger, whose feathers shift between shades of black and brown. When its nocturnal call echoes, anxiety fills the air, signaling the possible presence of Aswang. In the stillness of the night, people dread the thought of Aswang, notorious for extracting blood and feasting on the entrails of the ailing or infants. Moreover, Korokoro's melodic warble, coupled with the muted rumble of an approaching storm, forewarns of an impending demise. Legend has it that wherever Korokoro resides, an Aswang lurks in the vicinity.

Ogro

The Ogro is a terrifying monster from Bicolano folklore that feeds on humans, especially those who are selfish and cruel. This giant, black creature watches over children as they sleep, ready to hit their heads with a wooden hammer if they rest at the same level as their parents' pillows. It's believed that children who do this may grow up to be disrespectful.

Kudo-kudo (Bicol Mythology)

The Kudo-kudo is an unseen creature from Bicolano mythology, known for the sound it makes when walking. Accompanied by mosquitoes, it lives under houses, in dark, damp spaces, and is often dirty. Small and round with needle-thin limbs and a jar-like body, it prefers hiding in wet jars. If disturbed, the Kudo-kudo can cause shivering and fever, often mistaken for malaria.

ENGKANTO – Enchanted creatures inhabiting the world, Slender extremly good looking creatures with pointy ears lacking philtrum. Engkantos(Tamawo,Dalaketnon) Belived to have come from Visayan parts of the Philippines.

ENGKANTO 

ENGKANTO –  An engkanto is any enchanted creature—and much like human beings, they vary in form, attitude, and powers we can never understand nor fathom. They inhabit our world, and can see us, but, more often than not, we are unable to see and mingle with them unless they allow us to do so. An engkanto is an enchanted creature that can assume an assortment of images. It may be a dog, a cat, a beggar or a beautiful woman. It does this when it wants to enchant human beings. Before bathing in the river, one needs the permission of the engkantos. An engkanto is usually invisible; if “seen by the human eye” it is said to be very white or very bright. If it gets angry or falls in love with a human, the latter falls ill or dies. Engkantos are like human beings in appearance and habits. However, they envy humans because the latter occupy and enjoy the visible world. When children are alone, engkantos take pity on them and bring them to its kingdom.

ENGKANTO

ENGKANTOS – Enchanted creatures inhabiting the world, Engkantos(Tamawo,Dalakitnon) Belived ti have come from Visayan parts of the Philippines. In Bicol mythology, Engkanto are elf-like creatures, tall, pale, and extremely attractive, with leaf-shaped, pointed ears. These enchanted beings are known to abduct women they find appealing. Engkantos can bring either great misfortune or exceptional luck to people. Those who fall out of their favor may experience depression, madness, or even disappear for days or months, possibly due to being possessed by the Engkanto. They are also believed to cause illnesses such as fevers and skin diseases like boils.

Engkantos come in many forms, much like humans. They are magical beings that can transform into various shapes—sometimes appearing as a dog, cat, beggar, or a handsome man—to enchant humans. They inhabit the world around us and can see people, but remain invisible unless they choose to reveal themselves. Before bathing in a river, it's customary to ask for their permission. When visible, they are described as extremely white or glowing. If an Engkanto becomes angry or falls in love with a human, the person might fall ill or even die.

Despite their human-like appearance and habits, Engkantos envy humans for their ability to live and enjoy the visible world. When children are left alone, Engkantos sometimes take pity on them and bring them into their magical realm.

DIWATA - beautiful nature spirits and lesser divinities. Guardians of Nature and forest. grants good hearted mortals prosperity and good fortune. These beautiful being are often associated with the Acacia and Banyan tree. Powerful beings assisted by the small winged fairies called lambana.

Diwata

LAMBANA

Lambana

LAMBANA -Lambana are small fairies in Philippine and Bicol mythology, standing a few inches to a foot tall, with delicate builds, translucent wings like butterflies, and nature-inspired attire. They possess a magical glow, can change size, and are associated with Batala and Katambay in Bicolano Mythology. In Tagalog Mythology, lambana are winged beings synchronized with Diwata, radiating a glow, assisting good-hearted individuals, and sometimes transforming into monsters if a Diwata experiences heartbreak. They appear in contemporary Filipino shows, showcasing both their beauty and darker tales. The reminder emphasizes the dynamic and evolving nature of Philippine mythology, distinct from standardized Western mythologies.

lambana

Lambana - -Lambana are small fairies with delicate builds, translucent wings like butterflies, possess a magical glow, can change size and temporary loose their wings turn humanlike. Often taking the form of a beautiful maiden that helps guide lost travellers in the forest.

lambana

lambana - small humanoid winged creatures, beautiful but vicous with sharp teeth 

KADU-KADU – A small creature with pointed ears, Kadu-kadu possesses a larger upper body than the lower part.

KIKIK - Black birds that talk like humans

KIKIK - Black birds that can talk

KIKIK – The kikik, believed to be an aswang's emissary, produces distinct sounds, indicating the presence of an aswang. Some perceive it as a large owl or a bat with exceptional vision.

KUDO-KUDO – Kudo-kudo, an unseen creature accompanied by mosquitoes, frequents kitchens, consuming salt. It dwells in dark, damp spaces and can harm people when hurt.

KURAKPAO – An untidy creature with thick, dishevelled hair and big, piercing eyes, Kurakpao carries a bat-shaped piece of wood and is ready to attack.

LAKI - Half-man half-goat creatures in bicol mythology

LAQUI – A frightening creature resembling a goat with a man's face, Laqui appears at night, startling people with its voice.

LAYUG/LAYAP – Layug or Layap can transform into a flying or disappearing creature at will.

MAMBABARANG – A witch who inflicts harm using insects and spirits, Mambabarangs use black magic to torment and eventually kill victims by infesting their bodies.

MAMBABARANG - A witch that uses insects as it's weapon and magic

MANANGILAW or MANANG HILAW – Hairy humanoid giants residing in mountains and caves of Bicol, described with big feet, covered in black hair, and using vines to catch fish.

MANONOPSOP – A witch with a long, sucking tongue that extends meters, Manonopsop drains the blood of sleeping victims, especially pregnant women.

ONGLO - Dark hairy creature

PANTIYANAK – The spirit of an aborted baby, the Pantiyanak seeks revenge on its mother. In its true form, it devours humans rapidly, resembling an old man with sharp, protruding teeth.

PANTIAYNAK - demon babies with sharp teeth

PONGO – An ape-like creature resembling an orangutan but larger.

POPO - A tall, thin creature with a tail, Popo is a frightful presence that echoes pig-like snorts. It's believed that its eyes have the power to induce pain and death. Popo feeds on the energy of both humans and animals, solidifying its status as one of the chilling beings under the deity Asuang

POPO - Tall and slender with a tail, a scary creature that snorts like a pig and is said his eyes could cause pain and even kill. He drains human and animals of their energy.

POPO – A tall, slender creature with a pig-like snort, Popo drains energy from humans and animals using its eyes.

TAGO-NGIRIT – A creature half-hidden behind trees, Tago-ngirit wears a big smile, feared by children playing hide and seek.

ASOG - effeminate priests of evil spirits who dressed and acted like a Balyana. They wore a lambong (shorts) and all kinds of trinkets and wiggled provocatively during the Hidhid and other rituals for Aswang. They colored his face, lets his hair grow long and wore large earings. When they sang the Horasa for the dying they sang with the voice of a woman.

Asog

WAKWAK - The Wakwak is a type of Aswang in Philippine myths and folklore, often depicted as a vampiric, bird-like creature in Philippine mythology. According to the folklore, the Wakwak is said to snatch humans at night using its sharp claws or talons to open their flesh (the term "wak-wak" in Tagalog language means to cut open the flesh). The creature is typically portrayed with sharp claws, slender features, and small bird or bat wings that allow it to take flight, similar to the manananggal and the Ekek, in rural areas of the Philippines.

WAKWAK – Birds and pets of the aswang,, Wak-wak announce the coming of their master at night.

wak-wak

Wakwak

wak-wak

TINGOHAN – A creature with big, sharp teeth that stays in the dark, causing fear among children playing hide and seek at night.

TUPONG-TUPONG – A humanoid creature capable of stretching its body to varying heights.An ugly hominoid that could be as tall as a tree when it chanced to stand beside one or as short and puffed up when beside a child or any short object. It could hide anywhere and took the height and size of whatever object or structure it chooses. It was the bogey plastic creature of the ancient Bikol world.

UNGMANAN – An unseen dweller of nature, Ungmanan causes sickness to those disrespecting nature, requiring healing rituals.

LAQUI - is a type of Asuang that are once Yasaw who have tasted human blood. The once playful pranksters will become flesh eating monsters once they taste human blood. Ugly with lower part of their body like that of a bipedal goat

YASAW - Yasaw, mischievous creatures Resembling dark-skinned small children, the Yasaw are known for their playful nature and love for pranks. Despite their mischief, they do not harm humans but rather aim to create fear and amusement. In Bicol mythology it is a creature favoired by Asuang. A misunderstanding between Gugurang and a Yasaw leads to divine retribution and intensifies Asuang's anger. The Yasaw's playful pranks unravel within the mythical realm of Ibalong, showcasing their distinctive role in the pre-colonial folklore of Bicol.

LAKI - A Laki is a creature with an upper body that resembles that of a human. It boasts a well-defined chest, muscular arms, and a human-like, albeit ugly, face. The lower body of the Laki is distinctly goat-like, characterized by hooved legs and a fur-covered hindquarter

LAQUI - is a type of Asuang that are once Yasaw who have tasted human blood. The once playful pranksters will become flesh eating monsters once they taste human blood.

LAKI - a monster that Yasaw would turn into, when punished by Aswang for its lazyness in scaring people. It has hooves and skin like those of a goat and the ugly face of a human being. It appeared at night and surprised night travelers with its shrill, piercing sound, but it was incapable of killing people.

KOROKORO The bird-messenger, sometimes black, sometimes brown; if heard at night, people fear that Aswang is around and ready to suck the blood and devour the entrails of sick persons or of babies. It also announces the impending death of a person, if the warbling is followed with the muffled sound of an approaching storm. Any place inhabited by a Korokoro is said to have a resident aswang in its locality.

KOROKORO  the avian messenger, whose feathers shift between shades of black and brown. When its nocturnal call echoes, anxiety fills the air, signaling the possible presence of Aswang. In the stillness of the night, people dread the thought of Aswang, notorious for extracting blood and feasting on the entrails of the ailing or infants. Moreover, Korokoro's melodic warble, coupled with the muted rumble of an approaching storm, forewarns of an impending demise. Legend has it that wherever Korokoro resides, an Aswang lurks in the vicinity.

POPO - A cruel creature from Gagamban. It had evil eyes with its debilitating effect. It was a hot-tempered and vengeful monster, its grunt resembles that of a pig. A child touched on the head by the Popo’ would grow weaker and weaker until the child dies.

 BONGGO -  the most feared minister of Aswang. It has sunken eyes that flashed fire. It was a ferocious, large, muscular black humanoid. It has long, black hair, ugly hairy face and with sharp claws. It was vengeful and utterly cruel.

YASAW - creature that hid under the shadow of trees during moonlit nights. It delighted itself by scaring people. Should it be seen and at the same time a cry resembling that of an infant was heard or imagined, then somebody was going to die soon, for an Aswang was on the prowl.

LAKI - A monster that Yasaw would turn into, when punished by Aswang for its lazyness in scaring people. It has hooves and skin like those of a goat and the ugly face of a human being. It appeared at night and surprised night travelers with its shrill, piercing sound, but it was incapable of killing people.

IBINGAN -  a multi-horned red serpent, with a fin on its head and back. It spitted poison when angry but whistled beautifully when happy. It perched on top of rocks close to the mouth of caves where the deadly mermaids dwell, and protected them from harm. It crushed its victim from sheer weight of impact.

MANANGILAW was a cave-dwelling black giant that wore a vine for a belt. When hungry, this creature would lower its vine belt into the sea or a river to catch fish or shrimp.

INONGOK - A black, shabby and shaggy humanlike monster from whose black eyes poured out tears of fire that formed a pool of glittering red where they fell. Prankish but harmless, it appeared only during the darkest nights in isolated byways to frighten those who got lost in the night.

PATYANAK was a fusion of an untimely discharged human foetus and a tiny black bird. Fully grown, it has big round ears and a completely bald head, Its mournful wailing resembled that of an infant, if heard at night by a conceiving woman it would cause a miscarriage.

BANGKILAN The Bangkilan is a type of Aswang fabled for their beauty and ferocity and shape-shifting abilities, They can make lesser Aswangs such as Kiwig, Awok,Asbo,Abwak,ect,, present in oral mythology and  folklore all over from Visayas to Bicol most prominent stories agree they are situated in Palawan

Bangkilan

ONGLO -  a hominoid with long, straight black hair covering its entire body; it had long, pointed ears and claws, and looked really ugly. Brushing against the Onglo would produce severe allergy. The remedy would be to whip the affected body parts with a woman’s long hair.

ONGLO - hominoid adorned with an extensive coat of long, straight black hair enveloping its entire form. Boasting long, pointed ears and formidable claws, Onglo's aesthetic appeal was decidedly lacking. A mere brush against this creature could induce a severe allergic reaction. To counteract the effects, a remedy was prescribed—whipping the affected body parts with the length of a woman's hair.

Onglo

BURING - monster with one eye and three throats, it howled in three different tones, it lived in the swamps of Ponong. Its body was covered with black, sharp hair that was unbearably itchy when touched. It has sharp claws and sharp teeth.

TUPONG-TUPONG was an ugly hominoid that could be as tall as a tree when it chanced to stand beside one or as short and puffed up when beside a child or any short object. It could hide anywhere and took the height and size of whatever object or structure it chooses. It was the bogey plastic creature of the ancient Bikol world.

ANGONGOLOOD looked like a Kabalang (gorilla), it inhabited the swamps and riverbanks. It was a hairy, ugly homanoid that waited for fishermen and boaters at the mouth of rivers. It surprised its victim by hugging it and turning its prey into a tree.

KIKIK was a nocturnal bird of ill-omen (paligsok). Its call signified the death of a person in a tribe. Some even suspected that a Kikik was Aswang disguised as a bird. When heard at night, people would cower for fear and invoke the protection of the Anitos or of Gugurang.

TAMBALULUS was an awkward, wrinkled, black creature, it had long, thin legs, hooves and big joints. It had a mane like that of a horse that went down from the head to buttocks. Its wide protruding lips covered its face when it laughed. It got its name from the huge, wrinkled penis and loose-bagged testicles which dangled to the ground.

MAGINDARA was the fierce siren of the sea, half woman, half fish with sharp fins and multicolored scales. It swam the deep seas or hid in cliffs and rocky shores. It would hide behind crags and rocks near the shorelines when summoned by evil spirits and waited for unsuspecting victims which it would drown in the deep seas.

ASOG was the effeminate priest of evil spirits who dressed and acted like a Balyana. He wore a lambong (shorts) and all kinds of trinkets and wiggled provocatively during the Hidhid and other rituals for Aswang. He colored his face, lets his hair grow long and wore large earings. When he sang the Horasa for the dying he sang with the voice of a woman.

Asog

TAMBALUSLOS

– A humanoid creature with pig penis, Tambaluslos chases people in the woods, finding hilarity in victims who wear clothes upside-down.was an awkward, wrinkled, black creature, it had long, thin legs, hooves and big joints. It had a mane like that of a horse that went down from the head to buttocks. Its wide protruding lips covered its face when it laughed. It got its name from the huge, wrinkled penis and loose-bagged testicles which dangled to the ground.

TAMBALULUS - an awkward, wrinkled, black creature, it had long, thin legs, hooves and big joints. It had a mane like that of a horse that went down from the head to buttocks. Its wide protruding lips covered its face when it laughed. It got its name from the huge, wrinkled penis and loose-bagged testicles which dangled to the ground.

TAMBALOSLOS - The Tambalulos or tambaloslos is a creature in Bicolano myths and lore. It is the ugly embodiment of man's lust. It is said to be dark, ugly and scary with big mouth and lips, and a huge penis. Stories say that the tambaloslos waits for his victims, or sometimes makes people loose their way so he could trap them. Once trapped the tambaloslos would do perverse things with his vicitm. Raping it until he is satisfied. According Bicolano lore, the tambaloslos raped all things that got lost in its forest, men, women and even chicken and pigs, Gugurang angered by the perverse ways of tambaloslos cursed him that his balls and penis would grow big so that it could not fit into any hole. But the punishement did not stop the tambaloslos, scary tales still linger that it waits for its vicitms in dark parts of the forests Tambaloslos - Tambalulos, a creature entrenched in Bicolano myths, embodies the unsavory aspects of human lust. Described as dark, ugly, and fearsome, with a large mouth, lips, and an imposing physique, this entity is said to lurk in the shadows. Stories tell of the Tambaloslos patiently awaiting victims or leading wanderers astray to ensnare them. Once trapped, it engages in perverse acts, subjecting its victims to violation until its desires are satisfied. According to Bicolano lore, the Tambaloslos, dwelling in the forest, preyed on lost souls—men, women, and even animals like chickens and pigs. Gugurang, appalled by its perverse ways, invoked a curse causing the creature's genitalia to grotesquely enlarge, preventing it from fitting into any opening. Despite this punishment, chilling tales persist, suggesting that the Tambaloslos still haunts the dark recesses of the forests, patiently waiting for unsuspecting victims.

Supreme Demons or Malevolent Deities

These beings hold immense power and often challenge or counterbalance the influence of the gods. They are seen as embodiments of chaos, destruction, or evil on a cosmic scale, directly opposing divine beings who maintain order.

• Asuang: The god of chaos and evil, he is the main antagonist to Gugurang, the supreme god. Asuang represents the primal forces of darkness, destruction, and disorder, often leading or controlling other malevolent beings in Bicolano mythology.

• Kanlaon god of destruction and fire that send locust and fireballs to Ibalong, the evil deity that causes wildfires.

Kanlaon deity of destruction and fire 

NAGINED, ARAPAYAN AT MAKBARUBAK

• Nagined, Arapayan, and Magkaburak: The trinity of demons who might serve as powerful assistants to Asuang or embody specific forms of destruction, disease, or chaos. Their influence could extend to both the human and supernatural realms.
• Allies of Asuang: Their alliance with Asuang, the god of evil and chaos, further solidifies their status as high demons. This association emphasizes their role as active participants in malevolent schemes and highlights their alignment with forces of disorder.

• Sowers of Chaos: Naguined, Magkaburak, and Arapayan are associated with causing harm and chaos. They are invoked when individuals seek to inflict pain or create disruption. Their primary function in Bicolano mythology is to embody and enact destruction, making them central figures in the domain of malevolent deities.
• Allies of Asuang: Their alliance with Asuang, the god of evil and chaos, further solidifies their status as high demons. This association emphasizes their role as active participants in malevolent schemes and highlights their alignment with forces of disorder.

• Mastery of Poisons: The trio's ability to create potent poisons, including those in the form of oil, symbolizes their control over harmful and destructive substances. This alchemical artistry is both a literal and metaphorical representation of their capacity for causing affliction and chaos.

• Immortal Heart: The mythological detail of their immortal heart, which can transform into a golden horseshoe crab, adds an element of paradox to their character. This creature produces a healing oil, suggesting that despite their malevolent nature, they possess the power to provide remedies, reflecting the duality of their influence.

• Cultural Differences: In Visayan mythology, Naguined is seen as a goddess of war and poisons with a more complex, sometimes benevolent role. However, in Bicolano mythology, the same figure is perceived as a malevolent war god, illustrating how cultural perspectives can shift based on regional interpretations and historical conflicts.

• Symbolism of Tattoos: The tattoos of Naguined, Magkaburak, and Arapayan, which were initially perceived as symbols of divine strength, become markers of their malevolence. In Bicolano culture, tattooing evolved as a protective measure against these foreign deities, reflecting the cultural adaptation to external threats and the shifting perceptions of these entities.

• Naguined, Magkaburak, and Arapayan are considered high demons in Bicolano mythology due to their origins as foreign deities, their role as agents of chaos and destruction, their malevolent attributes, and their association with the god Asuang

NATURE SPIRITS (diwata)

DIWATA

• Diwata

DEMI GODS

• Oryol

Oryol

• Handiong

Handiong

• Panganoron

ANCESTRAL SPIRITS  (anito) 

• Katambay
• Anito

NATURE FAIRIES AND LESSER SPIRITS

• Lambana (fairies and assisting higher diwata)

• Naga (rain mermaids, snake maidens and water spirits)

• Engkantos (Tamawo,Dalaketnon)

engkanto (Tamawo)

Engkanto (Dalaketnon)

• Duende (puting duende)

• Dwende (dwarves, earth spirits)

Great Beasts

Great Beasts are ancient and powerful creatures linked to significant mythological events or cosmic forces. They often symbolize primal, untamable forces of nature, and their actions can influence both the physical and spiritual worlds.

• Bakunawa: A gigantic sea serpent or dragon that attempts to devour the moon (Bulan). Bakunawa is feared for its potential to disrupt cosmic balance and cause natural disasters like lunar eclipses. It represents destructive forces that challenge both gods and humans.

• Rabot: A monstrous being that could turn people into stone, representing chaos and disorder in the natural world. Rabot is a formidable threat, fought by heroes like Handiong.

• Tandayag sa Opon: A monstrous wild boar slain by the hero Baltog. Though defeated, it represents untamed primal forces in nature and is one of the most feared beasts in the region.

• Sarimaw

• Apolaki: golden mountain monster, physically super strong, can absorb fire and is fireproof. 

Shape-shifters and Night Creatures (Deceptive and Deadly)

ASWANG

Arch-Aswangs upper echelons in Aswang power dynamics, high ranking Aswangs 

ArchAswangs 

Agaras

Agaras

Hanagob

Hanagob

Bangkilan

Bangkilan

Gabunan

Gabunan

Harimodon

Harimodon

Strong Variants of Aswang

MAGINDARA

BONGGO

IKRAN

KORKOR

AMALANHIG

Lower and common Aswangs

KARANIWANG ASWANG (Aswang)

ALAN

AWOK

MOTOG

KIWIG

ASBO

IWIG

ABWAK

EBWA

EKEK

UWAK-UWAK

DANGGA

IKI

WAK-WAK

KIKIK

TIKTIK

MANDURUGO

MANANANGGAL

MANGALO

Territorial Giants and Forest Beasts (Guardians and Frightening Protectors)

These creatures are known for their immense size, strength, and territorial nature, often haunting forests or isolated places.

• Kapre: A large, tree-dwelling giant that is often seen smoking cigars. Though not inherently evil, Kapres can frighten or harm those who venture too close to their territory. They are known for their immense strength and can sometimes trick or scare travelers.

Kapre

• Tandayag: A monstrous wild boar that terrorized the Bicol region. It was ultimately slain by the hero Baltog, but it remains a symbol of primal, untamed danger in the wild.

Tandayang sa Opon

Mischievous and Lesser Demons (Tricksters and Harassers)

These creatures are smaller or less powerful but are still capable of causing harm or distress to humans.

• Tambaloslos
• Yasaw
• Tiyanak: A malevolent spirit that takes the form of a crying baby to lure people into dangerous situations. Once someone approaches, the Tiyanak reveals its true form and attacks. Although smaller and less powerful than beings like the Aswang, it is still a dangerous and feared creature.
• Pugot: A headless monster that roams at night, often frightening travelers. Although not as dangerous as the Aswang or Kapre, the Pugot is still associated with death and fear.
• Santelmo (St. Elmo’s Fire): A glowing ball of fire believed to be a spirit or wandering soul. While not necessarily harmful, it is often feared for its mysterious and unsettling presence.

Cursed Beings and Evil Spirits (Minor and Annoying Creatures)

These are lesser supernatural entities that might not directly attack humans but cause disturbances or bad luck.

• Dwende:  Black duende Small, dwarf-like creatures that live in anthills or mounds. Dwendes are mischievous and can bring misfortune or illness to those who disturb their homes. They are not as violent as other monsters but can still cause harm if provoked.

REMINDER

The orally transmitted mythology of the Philippines is intended for sharing and understanding, not for appropriation, commercial exploitation, or the promotion of foreigners and foreign products. It is a dynamic narrative tradition that evolves over time, distinct from the standardized mythologies found in Western and European cultures. Unlike these established mythologies, the Philippine government has not mandated standardized versions of stories and legends.

Orally transmitted stories undergo variations and evolve over time, resulting in numerous different versions. There are many different version told by Filipinos,and retold by Filipinos.